Nonflammable UV protective films consisting of clay and lignin with tunable light/gas transparency

Abstract

Nonflammable UV protective films consisting of clay and lignin with tunable light/gas transparency were prepared.

Functional “permanently whitened” lignin synthesized via solvent-controlled encapsulation

“…2.1 Lignin "whitening" via solvent-controlled encapsulation First, we describe the whitening of a water-dispersed lignin derivative obtained through simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and comminution (SESC) of plant. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] SESC process is wet-type ultrafine bead milling with enzymatic saccharification for plants to isolate polysaccharides and lignin as sugar solution and lignin water dispersion from plants without contamination by toxic reagents and byproducts. 23,24 In principle, the SESC could enable the extraction of lignin under extremely mild conditions (i.e., 50 °C, 4 ≤ pH ≤ 6, and 1 psi) without requiring strong toxic chemicals.…”

“…S7 †). A weight ratio of hexyl isocyanate in the modified SESC lignin is 40 wt% was estimated by quantitating organic isocyanate in the modified SESC lignin, i.e., modified SESC lignin gives white colored powder and colorless transparent dispersion even in the presence of 60 wt% of lignin component (the composites consisting of several percent SESC lignin have brown color [26][27][28]30 ). Covering with substituents (i.e., suppression of light absorption), blocking of phenolic hydroxy groups (i.e., diminishing quinoid structure), and assembling to uniform shape (i.e., light reflection) would induce whitening SESC lignin nanoparticles (Fig.…”

“…A weight ratio of hexyl isocyanate in the modified SESC lignin is 40 wt% was estimated by quantitating organic isocyanate in the modified SESC lignin, i.e. , modified SESC lignin gives white colored powder and colorless transparent dispersion even in the presence of 60 wt% of lignin component (the composites consisting of several percent SESC lignin have brown color 26–28,30 ). Covering with substituents ( i.e.…”

Component, Formulation and Regulatory of Sunscreen Materials: A Brief Review

“…[48][49][50][51][52] The studies showed that nanoclays and lignin have nonflammable UV-protective properties. 53) It has been reported that creams containing nanoclays have different absorption levels depending on the Fe 2 O 3 content they contain, which determines their protection ability. 54) Sunscreens that contain a certain amount of the mineral bentonite have been shown to absorb the highest levels of rays compared to other commercial types.…”