Nonfouling Characteristics of Dextran-Containing Surfaces

Martwiset, Surangkhana; Koh, and Anna E.; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1021/la061064b

Cited by 127 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…16 Furthermore, dextran is nonfouling, 17 could prevent nonspecific interactions and may prolong blood circulation half-life in vivo 15 -essential features for potential advanced MRI applications such as blood pool imaging. Concentrations up to 100 mg/mL were used in the studies since future in vivo preclinical safety and efficacy studies would require the administration of GNP-Dex at high dosages (up to possibly 500 mg/kg body weight of the animal) to determine the lethal and therapeutic dosages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

Kanakia¹,

Toussaint²,

Chowdhury³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Abstract:We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel carbon nanostructure-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (MRI CA); graphene nanoplatelets intercalated with manganese (Mn 2+ ) ions, functionalized with dextran (GNP-Dex); and the in vitro assessment of its essential preclinical physicochemical properties: osmolality, viscosity, partition coefficient, protein binding, thermostability, histamine release, and relaxivity. The results indicate that, at concentrations between 0.1 and 100.0 mg/mL, the GNP-Dex formulations are hydrophilic, highly soluble, and stable in deionized water, as well as iso-osmolar (upon addition of mannitol) and isoviscous to blood. At potential steady-state equilibrium concentrations in blood (0.1-10.0 mg/mL), the thermostability, protein-binding, and histamine-release studies indicate that the GNP-Dex formulations are thermally stable (with no Mn 2+ ion dissociation), do not allow non-specific protein adsorption, and elicit negligible allergic response. The r 1 relaxivity of GNP-Dex was 92 mM

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32,33 The results (Table S1) of the protein binding, summarized in Table 4, show that HSA protein was not bound to the GNPDex formulations. The lack of protein binding onto GNP-Dex can be attributed to the non-fouling property of dextran, 17 and suggests that it could prevent nonspecific interactions.…”

Section: Nm Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

Kanakia¹,

Toussaint²,

Chowdhury³

et al. 2013

IJN

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“…26 Initially, the hydroxyl groups in the dextran were oxidized to aldehyde groups by sodium periodate. 27 Briey, sodium periodate was dissolved in de-oxygenated de-ionized (DI) water and introduced to a dextran solution (4 g in 30 mL of de-oxygenated DI water). The resulting solution was homogenized for 2 hours at room temperature followed by dialysis against water in a membrane bag with a 1000 molecular weight (M w ) cut-off for 4 days.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Carboxyl-dextranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein corona affects the relaxivity and MRI contrast efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being considered for use in biomedical applications such as biosensors, imaging contrast agents and drug delivery vehicles. In a biological fluid, proteins associate in a preferential manner with NPs. The small sizes and high curvature angles of NPs influence the types and amounts of proteins present on their surfaces. This differential display of proteins bound to the surface of NPs can influence the tissue distribution, cellular uptake and biological effects of NPs. To date, the effects of adsorption of a protein corona (PC) on the magnetic properties of NPs have not been considered, despite the fact that some of their potential applications require their use in human blood.Here, to investigate the effects of a PC (using fetal bovine serum) on the MRI contrast efficiency of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), we have synthesized two series of SPIONs with variation in the thickness and functional groups (i.e. surface charges) of the dextran surface coating. We have observed that different physico-chemical characteristics of the dextran coatings on the SPIONs lead to the formation of PCs of different compositions. 1 H relaxometry was used to obtain the longitudinal, r 1 , and transverse, r 2 , relaxivities of the SPIONs without and with a PC, as a function of the Larmor frequency. The transverse relaxivity, which determines the efficiency of negative contrast agents (CAs), is very much dependent on the functional group and the surface charge of the SPIONs' coating. The presence of the PC did not alter the relaxivity of plain SPIONs, while it slightly increased the relaxivity of the negatively charged SPIONs and dramatically decreased the relaxivity of the positively charged ones, which was coupled with particle agglomeration in the presence of the proteins. To confirm the effect of the PC on the MRI contrast efficiency, in vitro MRI experiments at n ¼ 8.5 MHz were performed using a low-field MRI scanner. The MRI contrasts, produced by different samples, were fully in agreement with the relaxometry findings.It is well-recognized that the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is covered by biomolecules (proteins, sugars and lipids) upon coming into contact with biological systems, resulting in the formation of a protein "corona" that is strongly associated with the NPs' surface and that denes how living organisms (e.g. cells) "see" the NPs in a biological milieu. 1-5 According to previous reports, the cell "sees" a nano-system in which the NPs are covered by a "hard" corona of slowly exchanging proteins with a surrounding "so" corona consisting of weakly interacting and rapidly exchanging proteins. 6 The composition of the protein corona (PC) is highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the NPs such as their size, composition, and surface characteristics. 7 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been recognized as very promising nanosystems with good biocompatibility 8,9 and high potential to be used for diagnosis and therapy simultaneou...

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“…Meanwhile, dextran, an a(1-6)-linked glycan, is nontoxic, water soluble and neutral, with multiple reactive sites available for subsequent functionalization for targeting ligands. Importantly, dextran has demonstrated outstanding properties against nonspecific protein adhesion by our group [25,26] and others [27][28][29]. Finally, dextran coated delivery systems have shown both reduced opsonisation by proteins in the medium [30] and reduced nonspecific hydrophobic interactions between the carrier and cell membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Cargo Release From Dextran Based Nanogel Drug Carriers

Ferrer

Sobolewski²,

Composto

et al. 2013

Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine

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Nanogels (NG) hold great promise as a drug delivery platform. In this work, we examine the potential of lysozyme-dextran nanogels (LDNG) as drug carriers in vitro using two cell lines: a model target tissue, human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and a model of the mononuclear phagocyte system (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 cells). The LDNG ($100 nm) were prepared with rhodaminelabel dextran (LRDNG) via Maillard reaction followed by heat-gelation reaction and were loaded with a fluorescent probe, 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (HAF), as a mock drug. Epifluorescence microscopy confirmed rapid uptake of LRDNG by HUVEC. Although LysoTracker Green staining indicated a lysosomal fate for LRDNG, the mock drug cargo (HAF) diffused extensively inside the cell within 15 min. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy indicated slow uptake of LRDNG in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells, with only 41% of cells containing LRDNG after 24 h exposure. Finally, 24 h exposure to LRDNG did not affect the viability of either cell type at the dose studied (20 lg/ml). At a higher dose (200 lg/ml), LRDNG resulted in a marked loss of viability of HUVEC and THP-1, measuring 30% and 38%, respectively. Collectively, our results demonstrate the great potential of LRDNG as a drug delivery platform, combining simple production, rapid uptake and cargo release in target cells with "stealth" properties and low cytotoxicity.

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Nonfouling Characteristics of Dextran-Containing Surfaces

Cited by 127 publications

References 34 publications

Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

Physicochemical characterization of a novel graphene-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent

Protein corona affects the relaxivity and MRI contrast efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Cargo Release From Dextran Based Nanogel Drug Carriers

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