Noninvasive and Individual‐Centered Monitoring of Uric Acid for Precaution of Hyperuricemia via Optical Supramolecular Sensing

Abstract

Characterized by an excessively increased uric acid (UA) level in serum, hyperuricemia induces gout and also poses a great threat to renal and cardiovascular systems. It is urgent and meaningful to perform early warning by noninvasive diagnosis, thus conducing to blockage of disease aggravation. Here, guanidinocalix[5]arene (GC5A) is successfully identified from the self-built macrocyclic library to specifically monitor UA from urine by the indicator displacement assay. UA is strongly bound to GC5A at micromolar-level, while simultaneously excluding fluorescein (Fl) from the GC5A•Fl complex in the "switch-on" mode. This method successfully differentiates patients with hyperuricemia from volunteers except for those with kidney dysfunction and targets a volunteer at high risk of hyperuricemia. In order to meet the trend from hospital-centered to individual-centered testing, visual detection of UA is studied through a smartphone equipped with a color-scanning feature, whose adaptability and feasibility are demonstrated in sensing UA from authentic urine, leading to a promising method in family-centered healthcare style. A high-throughput and visual detection method is provided here for alarming hyperuricemic by noninvasive diagnosis.

ZnO Nanocages Decorated with Au@AgAu Yolk–Shell Nanomaterials for SERS-Based Detection of Hyperuricemia

“…Traditional diagnosis of hyperuricemia typically involves invasive blood collection, specialized instruments, and skilled hospital operators to measure the blood UA level. 47 In this study, the developed plasmonic biochips demonstrated the ability to sensitively, selectively, and noninvasively detect UA in artificial tears at concentrations within the physiological range. The achieved limit of detection for UA is lower than the average physiological level of UA in tears, indicating that the plasmonic biochips fabricated using the ZnO nanocages decorated with yolk–shell nanomaterials hold significant potential for sensitive sensing applications.…”

“…Moreover, Raman intensities from 30 different regions across the yolk–shell nanomaterial-decorated ZnO nanocages with uric acid (200 μM) exposure show the reproducibility of the SERS substrate (Figure S14F). Traditional diagnosis of hyperuricemia typically involves invasive blood collection, specialized instruments, and skilled hospital operators to measure the blood UA level . In this study, the developed plasmonic biochips demonstrated the ability to sensitively, selectively, and noninvasively detect UA in artificial tears at concentrations within the physiological range.…”

Molecular Recognition with Macrocyclic Receptors for Application in Precision Medicine

“…Finally, the analysis of mice blood samples confirmed the potential of this sensing system for application in a practical diagnosis. We also detected various other bioactive molecules, such as trimethylamine N -oxide, uric acid, and biophosphonates, providing a convenient, rapid method of diagnosing conditions, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and hyperuricemia. − The reasonable design of macrocyclic receptors with excellent recognition properties ensures sensitive and selective detection and precise diagnosis.…”

Non‐invasive and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Phenylpyruvic Acid via a Guanidinomethyl‐modified Calixarene

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, although with high sensitivity and excellent specificity, these methods are suffered from the complicated and laborious procedures, cost and time consumption, which is not conducive to home-based diagnosis and can impose a huge financial burden on families requiring long-time monitoring. [17] Consequently, it is urgent to develop a low-cost, simple, rapid, and sensitive method for PPA detection.…”