Noninvasive characterization of the healthy human manubrium using diffuse optical spectroscopies

Abstract

The abnormal, uncontrolled production of blood cells in the bone marrow causes hematological malignancies which are common and tend to have a poor prognosis. These types of cancers may alter the hemodynamics of bone marrow. Therefore, noninvasive methods that measure the hemodynamics in the bone marrow have a potential impact on the earlier diagnosis, more accurate prognosis, and in treatment monitoring. In adults, the manubrium is one of the few sites of bone marrow that is rich in hematopoietic tissue and is also relatively superficial and accessible. To this end we have combined time resolved spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy to evaluate the feasibility of the noninvasive measurement of the hemodynamics properties of the healthy manubrium in 32 subjects. The distribution of the optical properties (absorption and scattering) and physiological properties (hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation and blood flow index) of this tissue are presented as the first step toward investigating its pathology.

Multidistance diffuse correlation spectroscopy for simultaneous estimation of blood flow index and optical properties

“…The photon count rate for each optode is calculated from Green's function solution for photon fluence in semi-infinite boundary conditions. 2 Furthermore, we have simulated 16 acquisitions in each optode distance which could be experimentally acquired either by having multiple fibers for each detector 11,12 and/or by repeated measurements. We note that these simulations provide a usable signal-to-noise ratio even at the largest source-detector separations which is often not available for real-life DCS experiments.…”

In Vivo, Non-Invasive Characterization of Human Bone by Hybrid Broadband (600-1200 nm) Diffuse Optical and Correlation Spectroscopies

“…High penetration depth along with the non-invasive nature of diffuse optical methods has found various applications in in vivo diagnostics: tissue characterization [10], hemodynamics monitoring [11,12,13], brain oximetry [11,14], and optical mammography [15,16,17,18] are few examples where the application of the technique has been explored deeply. Prior attempts to characterize bone tissue by diffuse optical techniques lack either the broadband nature [19,20] or number of subjects [21]. In reference to the problem of osteoporosis, preliminary in vivo results obtained by Pifferi et al, using a time resolved diffuse optical spectrometer [22] on calcaneus bone [21] of five volunteers suggested an interesting correlation of age with various tissue constituents (lipid, collagen, hemoglobin) and the scattering coefficient.…”

“…Importantly, a broadband TD system can extract the concentration of in vivo deep tissue constituents like collagen, lipid, water, hemodynamic parameters like oxy-, deoxy-hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation, making TD a promising technique to complement DEXA, which is insensitive to the organic part of bone tissue. Furthermore, Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy, a non-invasive technique that allows the absolute estimate of the blood flow by optical means, at depths comparable with diffuse optical spectroscopy (few cm), has been shown in some studies to be able to measure the micro perfusion of bone [12,19]. …”

Time-resolved diffused optical characterization of key tissue constituents of human bony prominence locations

“…Previously, diffuse optical techniques were used to characterize bone tissue 7 . In reference to the problem of osteoporosis, interesting results were reported by light scattering techniques showing correlation between osteoporosis and bone scattering coefficient 8 .…”