Noninvasive Detection of Ammonia in the Breath of Hemodialysis Patients Using a Highly Sensitive Ammonia Sensor Based on a Polypyrrole/Sulfonated Graphene Nanocomposite

Shahmoradi, A Darvish; Hosseini, Abolghasem; Akbarinejad, Alireza; Alizadeh, Naader

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00171

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…From this perspective, the development of technologies related to ammonia gas detection, separation, condensation, etc., becomes an important issue. Moreover, the use of ammonia as a biomarker in human breath [12,13] for detecting pathological disorders such as renal insufficiency [14], hepatic dysfunction [15], Helicobacter pylori infection [16], and halitosis [17], has recently gained significant interest from researchers [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Humidity-Resistant Optical Fiber Sensor for Ammonia Sensing Using Diazo Resin-Photocrosslinked Films with a Porphyrin-Polystyrene Binary Mixture

Ahmed

Park

Okuda

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Ammonia gas sensors were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of diazo resin (DAR) and a binary mixture of tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine (TSPP) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) onto the core of a multimode U-bent optical fiber. The penetration of light transferred into the evanescent field was enhanced by stripping the polymer cladding and coating the fiber core. The electrostatic interaction between the diazonium ion in DAR and the sulfonate residues in TSPP and PSS was converted into covalent bonds using UV irradiation. The photoreaction between the layers was confirmed by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the optical fiber sensors to ammonia was linear when exposed to ammonia gases generated from aqueous ammonia solutions at a concentration of approximately 17 parts per million (ppm). This linearity extended up to 50 ppm when the exposure time (30 s) was shortened. The response and recovery times were reduced to 30 s with a 5-cycle DAR/TSPP+PSS (as a mixture of 1 mM TSPP and 0.025 wt% PSS in water) film sensor. The limit of detection (LOD) of the optimized sensor was estimated to be 0.31 ppm for ammonia in solution, corresponding to approximately 0.03 ppm of ammonia gas. It is hypothesized that the presence of the hydrophobic moiety of PSS in the matrix suppressed the effects of humidity on the sensor response. The sensor response was stable and reproducible over seven days. The PSS-containing U-bent fiber sensor also showed superior sensitivity to ammonia when examined alongside amine and non-amine analytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Humidity-Resistant Optical Fiber Sensor for Ammonia Sensing Using Diazo Resin-Photocrosslinked Films with a Porphyrin-Polystyrene Binary Mixture

Ahmed

Park

Okuda

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Figure 6 a shows that the improvement in gas sensitivity may be attributed to the π–π stacking and the formation of hydrogen bonds between PPy and rGO, resulting in a larger surface area and fast carrier transport after the two are recombined. Shahmoradi et al used an in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization method to prepare polypyrrole (PPy) composites with graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), or p-benzenesulfonic acid sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (srGO) [ 7 ]. The sensor response process is shown in Figure 6 b.…”

Section: Gas Monitoring For Medical Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copyright (2017), used with permission from Elsevier. ( b ) Device of PPy/srGO nanocomposite gas sensor [ 7 ]. Copyright (2021), used with permission from Elsevier.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the detection of nitric oxide (NO) in the breath indicates that the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ 4 , 5 ]. The production of ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is usually associated with renal dysfunction [ 6 , 7 ]. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), as a volatile sulfide compound (VSC), is a metabolite of microorganisms in the tongue coating, and is considered to be the leading cause of inflammation in the mouth [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress of Graphene and Its Derivatives towards Exhaled Breath Analysis

Yang

Tian

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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The metabolic process of the human body produces a large number of gaseous biomarkers. The tracking and monitoring of certain diseases can be achieved through the detection of these markers. Due to the superior specific surface area, large functional groups, good optical transparency, conductivity and interlayer spacing, graphene, and its derivatives are widely used in gas sensing. Herein, the development of graphene and its derivatives in gas-phase biomarker detection was reviewed in terms of the detection principle and the latest detection methods and applications in several common gases, etc. Finally, we summarized the commonly used materials, preparation methods, response mechanisms for NO, NH3, H2S, and volatile organic gas VOCs, and other gas detection, and proposed the challenges and prospective applications in this field.

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 : CAS No. 7664-41-7) is a major metabolite involved in many physiological processes and a potential biomarker for several diseases [1][2][3][4][5]. A normal, physiological level of ammonia in the blood is between 11 and 50 µM and could be as high as 1 mM during certain pathological conditions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study for Tunable Optical Assessment of Exhaled Breath Ammonia Based on Ultrathin Tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine Nanoassembled Films

Korposh

Lee

2021

Chemosensors

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The detection of chemical substances excreted from the human body offers an attractive approach for non-invasive, early diagnostics of certain diseases. In this preliminary study, we proposed a susceptible optical sensor capable of quantitatively detecting ammonia from exhaled breath. The proposed sensor consists of nanoassembled ultrathin films composed of tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine (TSPP) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) deposited on quartz substrates using a layer-by-layer method. Measurement principles are based on the ammonia-induced absorbance changes at 489 (Soret band) and 702 nm (Q band), associated with the deprotonation of the J-aggregated TSPPs inside the film. Before exposure to breath, the PDDA/TSPP thin film was calibrated using known concentrations of ammonia gases with a projected detection limit of 102 ± 12 parts per billion (ppb). Calibrated sensor films were then exposed to human breath and urine samples to determine the ammonia concentration. Concentrations of exhaled ammonia are influenced significantly by the consumption of food or the amount of urea. Sensor response and maximum sensitivity, obtained from the absorbance changes induced by ammonia, were achieved by initial sensor exposure to HCl vapor. Previously reported procedures for the Helicobacter pylori (HELIC Ammonia Breath) test based on urea reaction with urease were reproduced using the proposed sensor. The observed behavior corresponded very well with the kinetics of the interactions between urea and urease, i.e., ammonia reached a maximum concentration approximately 5 min after the start of the reaction. A large-scale study involving 41 healthy volunteers in their 20s to 60s was successfully conducted to test the capabilities of the sensor to determine the concentration of exhaled ammonia. The concentration of ammonia for the healthy volunteers ranged between 0.3 and 1.5 ppm, with a mean value of ca. 520 ppb in the morning (before eating) and ca. 420 ppb in the afternoon (immediately after eating). These real-test mean values are meaningful when considered against the projected LOD.

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Noninvasive Detection of Ammonia in the Breath of Hemodialysis Patients Using a Highly Sensitive Ammonia Sensor Based on a Polypyrrole/Sulfonated Graphene Nanocomposite

Cited by 62 publications

References 58 publications

Fabrication of Humidity-Resistant Optical Fiber Sensor for Ammonia Sensing Using Diazo Resin-Photocrosslinked Films with a Porphyrin-Polystyrene Binary Mixture

Fabrication of Humidity-Resistant Optical Fiber Sensor for Ammonia Sensing Using Diazo Resin-Photocrosslinked Films with a Porphyrin-Polystyrene Binary Mixture

Research Progress of Graphene and Its Derivatives towards Exhaled Breath Analysis

A Preliminary Study for Tunable Optical Assessment of Exhaled Breath Ammonia Based on Ultrathin Tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine Nanoassembled Films

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