Noninvasive detection of cerebral plasticity in adult human somatosensory cortex

Yang, Tony T.; Gallen, Christopher C.; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.; Cobb, Stuart; Schwartz, Barry J.; Bloom, Floyd E.

doi:10.1097/00001756-199402000-00010

Cited by 180 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The decrease in sensory input produced here by upper extremity amputation was followed by an ªinvasionº of the cortical amputation zone by the adjacent face area whose innervation had remained intact, as had been demonstrated previously in monkeys (Jenkins et al 1990;Pons et al 1991;Recanzone et al 1992b,c;Florence and Kaas 1995) and humans (Elbert et al 1994;Yang et al 1994;Flor et al 1995;Knecht et al 1996) In addition, the distance between the cortical representations of the digits (D1 and D5) of the intact hand in amputees was increased compared with the control subjects, suggesting an increase in the representation of the intact hand. This change could be due to an increased importance of sensory stimulation consequent to the increased dependence on that hand imposed by the loss of the amputated hand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The adjacent representation of the face had expanded into the hand and arm areas so that stimulation of the face evoked activity in the area formerly occupied by the representation of hand and digits. Extensive cortical reorganization following somatosensory deafferentation also occurs and persists in humans following upper extremity amputation, as demonstrated by MSI (Elbert et al 1994;Yang et al 1994;Flor et al 1995;Knecht et al 1996). The magnitude of cortical reorganization is strongly associated with the amount of phantom limb pain experienced by the amputees .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans

Elbert¹,

Sterr²,

Flor

et al. 1997

Experimental Brain Research

128

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans

Elbert¹,

Sterr²,

Flor

et al. 1997

Experimental Brain Research

128

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“…Some of the first evidence for adult cortical reorganization came from animal and human studies in which a region of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was deafferented (deprived of input) by means of amputation (Kalaska and Pomeranz, 1979;Merzenich et al, 1983;Merzenich et al, 1984;Calford and Tweedale, 1988;Pons et al, 1991;Elbert et al, 1994;Yang et al, 1994;Flor et al, 1995). Neurons in the deafferented region began responding to stimuli that normally activated adjacent S1 cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adult Cortical Reorganization and Consequent Visual Distortion

et al. 2007

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Neural and behavioral evidence for cortical reorganization in the adult somatosensory system after loss of sensory input (e.g., amputation) has been well documented. In contrast, evidence for reorganization in the adult visual system is far less clear: neural evidence is the subject of controversy, behavioral evidence is sparse, and studies combining neural and behavioral evidence have not previously been reported. Here, we report converging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence from a stroke patient (B.L.) in support of cortical reorganization in the adult human visual system. B.L.'s stroke spared the primary visual cortex (V1), but destroyed fibers that normally provide input to V1 from the upper left visual field (LVF). As a consequence, B.L. is blind in the upper LVF, and exhibits distorted perception in the lower LVF: stimuli appear vertically elongated, toward and into the blind upper LVF. For example, a square presented in the lower LVF is perceived as a rectangle extending upward. We hypothesized that the perceptual distortion was a consequence of cortical reorganization in V1. Extensive behavioral testing supported our hypothesis, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) confirmed V1 reorganization. Together, the behavioral and fMRI data show that loss of input to V1 after a stroke leads to cortical reorganization in the adult human visual system, and provide the first evidence that reorganization of the adult visual system affects visual perception. These findings contribute to our understanding of the human adult brain's capacity to change and has implications for topics ranging from learning to recovery from brain damage.

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“…Most of the work on somatosensory plasticity has involved non-human mammals and has primarily made use of electrophysiological methods of receptive field mapping. However, there have also been a number of more recent studies examining the consequences of peripheral manipulations in humans making use of both behavioral and neuroimaging methodologies in investigating the consequences of amputation/deafferentation [6][7][8][9][10], surgical correction of syndactyly [11] and enrichment/differential use [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling of somotasensory hand representations following cerebral lesions in humans

Rapp¹,

Hendel

Medina

2002

Neuroreport

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There is evidence of reorganization of somatotopic maps following cortical lesions in mammals such as monkeys, raccoons and rats. However, there has been a striking lack of research on somatosensory plasticity following cerebral damage in adult humans. We describe two individuals with left hemisphere damage who misperceive the locations of tactile stimuli whose presence or absence they can readily detect.We find that the mislocalizations preserve the relative topography of pre-lesion experiences, resulting in shifted and compressed representations of the hand surfaces. These results not only provide evidence for systematic remodeling of somatotopic maps in humans, they also reveal that the systematic changes in cortical topography that have been documented using electrophysiological methods may give rise to similarly systematic changes in somatosensory perception itself. NeuroReport 13:207^211

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Noninvasive detection of cerebral plasticity in adult human somatosensory cortex

Cited by 180 publications

References 0 publications

Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans

Input-increase and input-decrease types of cortical reorganization after upper extremity amputation in humans

Human Adult Cortical Reorganization and Consequent Visual Distortion

Remodeling of somotasensory hand representations following cerebral lesions in humans

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