Noninvasive Medical Tools for Evaluating Voiding Pattern in Real Life

Abstract

Voiding dysfunction is a common disease that contributes to a lower quality of life and has an increased prevalence in the elderly population. Noninvasive and objective methods such as uroflowmetry (UFM) and voiding diaries (VDs) are essential for exact diagnosis and effective treatment of this condition because patients with different causes of voiding dysfunction can complain of the same lower urinary tract symptoms. Further, different treatment options can be determined based on the diagnosis made from these symptoms. In order to improve the quality of UFM and VDs and to provide a convenient testing environment, several advances have been made by previous investigators. In this study, we investigate the history and technological mechanisms of UFM and VDs. We also aim to review UFM from the viewpoint of clinical and at-home uses, including the recently proposed toilet-shaped UFM and electronic VDs.

Analysis of measurement electrode location in bladder urine monitoring using electrical impedance

“…Great efforts have been made to deal with the problem in recent years [ 6 ]. Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is a conventional approach to drain urine out of bladder by intermittently inserting the catheter in the urethra, though it’s invasive and may possibly result in urinary tract infection [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Assessing the need for surgical treatments in Sierra Leone

“…The estimated proportion of the prevalence (p) of a surgical condition is set at 7.3%. The prevalence of 7.3% is based on a pilot study of the original SOSAS research group (44). The accepted range (L) around the estimated prevalence of the disorder is set at 1%.…”

“…Letter Z is CI (95%-Z is 1·96). In the pilot study from August 2011, 95% of the targeted population was eligible, and the same proportion responded (44). This provides a response rate (95%) and eligible rate (95%) needed for the sample size correction.…”

Translation and validation of the Persian ICIQ bladder diary

“…Owing to the widespread use of bladder diaries in clinical practice and research, researchers are trying to design userfriendly electronic applications for recording the bladder diary, making the process easier for both patients and clinicians [7][8][9]. Considering the fact that 95.5% of adult Iranian women referred to urology clinic have at least one LUTS, the aim of the current study is to translate the ICIQ bladder diary and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the ICIQ bladder diary, thus allowing the standardization of data collection for both clinical and research purposes.…”