Noninvasive metabolomic profiling of embryo culture media using Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy correlates with reproductive potential of embryos in women undergoing in vitro fertilization

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of day 5 morphology grading and metabolomic Viability Score on predicting implantation outcome

“…We have recently reported that non-invasive metabolomic profiling of embryo culture media using Raman and Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy correlates with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing IVF [21]. Our initial findings were confirmed in prospective blinded studies using multiple [22] and single embryo transfer [23,24], which also revealed that metabolomic profiling constitutes a parameter independent of morphology [23,24].…”

“…Sample analysis by NIR spectroscopy Analysis of the individual embryo culture media samples was performed as previously described [21,23,24]. Briefly, the IVF culture media samples were thawed on ice for 30 min, vortexed and then centrifuged for 5 min at 12,000 rpm, and placed in a temperature stabilizer prior to analysis for 4 min at 24.3°C.…”

“…We have previously reported development of spectral models for day 2 and day 3 embryos [21,24]. As extensive data from animal models and human IVF [14][15][16] suggest that there are metabolic differences between cleavage stage embryos and blastocysts, a novel spectral model for day 5 embryos was developed as described in our previous publications [21,23,25].…”

“…As extensive data from animal models and human IVF [14][15][16] suggest that there are metabolic differences between cleavage stage embryos and blastocysts, a novel spectral model for day 5 embryos was developed as described in our previous publications [21,23,25]. Discrimination between FCA+ and FCA− embryos consisted of determining a parsimonious combination of spectral regions from the NIR metabolomic profiles that estimated pregnancy outcomes by inverse least-squares regression and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization.…”

“…Discrimination between FCA+ and FCA− embryos consisted of determining a parsimonious combination of spectral regions from the NIR metabolomic profiles that estimated pregnancy outcomes by inverse least-squares regression and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. This method was described in detail previously [21]. Briefly, models investigated were described by the formula:…”