Noninvasive quantification of superior mesenteric artery blood flow during sympathoneural activation in normal subjects

Chaudhuri, K. Ray; Thomaides, T.; Hernández, Patricia Ortega; Alam, M.; Mathias, C. J.; Phil, D.

doi:10.1007/bf01826056

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the Wndings of previous studies (Chaudhuri et al 1991;Hayashi et al 2006;Kuipers et al 2008), and conWrms partly that performing a mental task induces vasoconstriction in the splanchnic artery. Chaudhuri et al (1992) reported that the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The blood Xow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), which mainly supplies the small intestine, decreases and/or its vascular resistance increases relative to resting levels in response to a mental task (Chaudhuri et al 1991(Chaudhuri et al , 1992Hayashi et al 2006;Kuipers et al 2008). Murray et al (2004) also reported that rectal mucosal blood Xow is decreased by performing a psychological task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…After overnight fasting, mental task increased vascular resistance in the SMA by roughly 30-50% (Chaudhuri et al 1991(Chaudhuri et al , 1992. After 12 h fasting, mental task decreased in the vascular conductance (VC) in the SMA by 20% (Kuipers et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of a mental task on splanchnic blood flow in fasting and postprandial conditions

et al. 2009

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We tested the hypothesis that a mental task attenuates the meal-induced vasodilation in the splanchnic vasculature. Ten subjects performed a 5-min colour-word conflict test (CWT) under fasting and postprandial conditions. Subjects in the postprandial condition had ingested solid food with an energy content of 300 kcal (1,255 kJ) before either performing the CWT (mental task trial) or resting (resting control trial). The mean blood velocities (MBV) in the coeliac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured. The MBV in the CA and SMA were divided by the MAP to assess the vascular conductance (VC). The MBV in the CA and SMA were significantly increased by the CWT under fasting conditions. In the postprandial condition, the MBV in the CA and SMA significantly increased immediately after the meal in both the mental task and resting control trials. The VC in the SMA, but not in the CA, was significantly decreased by the CWT under fasting conditions. In the postprandial conditions, there was no significant difference in the VC in both arteries between mental task and resting control trials. These results suggest that a mental task exerts different effects on the CA and SMA under fasting but not postprandial condition. The vasoconstrictive effect of a mental task on the SMA does not counter the vasodilatory effect of meal ingestion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of a mental task on splanchnic blood flow in fasting and postprandial conditions

et al. 2009

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“…Consistent with this view, Yu and Blessing (161) proposed that the cutaneous vasoconstriction that is initially evoked is associated with cerebral vasodilation, such that cerebral blood flow is increased at a time when the salience of the stimulus needs to be assessed. Regardless of the physiological significance of the initial orienting reflex, however, it has long been known that more prolonged threatening stimuli typically elicit a more complex autonomic response, which is characterized by an increase in arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate, together with marked vasoconstriction in renal and mesenteric vascular beds and usually also vasodilation in skeletal muscle beds, in both humans (6,14,27,34,60,68,75,95,99,119,157) (Fig. 1) and animals (24,65,106,155).…”

Section: Pattern Of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses To Stresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal

Dampney

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

129

116

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Actual or potentially threatening stimuli in the external environment (i.e., psychological stressors) trigger highly coordinated defensive behavioral responses that are accompanied by appropriate autonomic and respiratory changes. As discussed in this review, several brain regions and pathways have major roles in subserving the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to threatening stimuli, which may vary from relatively mild acute arousing stimuli to more prolonged life-threatening stimuli. One key region is the dorsomedial hypothalamus, which receives inputs from the cortex, amygdala, and other forebrain regions and which is critical for generating autonomic, respiratory, and neuroendocrine responses to psychological stressors. Recent studies suggest that the dorsomedial hypothalamus also receives an input from the dorsolateral column in the midbrain periaqueductal gray, which is another key region involved in the integration of stress-evoked cardiorespiratory responses. In addition, it has recently been shown that neurons in the midbrain colliculi can generate highly synchronized autonomic, respiratory, and somatomotor responses to visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs. These collicular neurons may be part of a subcortical defense system that also includes the basal ganglia and which is well adapted to responding to threats that require an immediate stereotyped response that does not involve the cortex. The basal ganglia/colliculi system is phylogenetically ancient. In contrast, the defense system that includes the dorsomedial hypothalamus and cortex evolved at a later time, and appears to be better adapted to generating appropriate responses to more sustained threatening stimuli that involve cognitive appraisal. defensive behavior; sympathetic activity; respiratory activity; hypothalamus; midbrain; sympathetic premotor nuclei AN ANIMAL'S SURVIVAL is dependent on being able to respond appropriately to stressors, which can be categorized into two different groups: interoceptive (also-called physical) stressors and exteroceptive (also-called psychological) stressors (44,133). Physical stressors are those that directly threaten homeostasis, such as hypoxia, hemorrhage, or infection, whereas psychological stressors can be defined as actual or perceived threats in the external environment. Psychological stressors can be further subdivided into conditioned stressors (i.e., ones that are normally innocuous but which are perceived as threatening because of previous experiences) or unconditioned stressors (i.e., ones that are intrinsically threatening, such as the sight, sound, or odor of a predator). Physical and psychological stressors activate different populations of neurons in the brain (44,63,102). Similarly, there is evidence that the autonomic responses to conditioned and unconditioned psychological stressors are also mediated by different pathways in the brain (62). In this review, which is based on my 2013 Carl Ludwig Distinguished Lecture to the American Physiological Society, I consider the brain mec...

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“…The method is reproducible, has been validated and correlates well with results of invasive studies (Clark et al, 1980;Chaudhuri et al, 1991). We additionally measured the PI of the SMA blood velocity waveforms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The effect of captopril on the superior mesenteric artery and portal venous blood flow in normal man.

Ray‐Chaudhuri

Thomaides

Maule

et al. 1993

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1. Measurements of superior mesenteric artery and portal venous blood flow were made non‐invasively along with systemic and other regional (cardiac index, forearm and cutaneous blood flow) vascular responses to acute ingestion of the ACE inhibitor captopril (50 mg) or placebo (50 mg vitamin C), in 12 healthy subjects while supine and during head‐up tilt. 2. After captopril, superior mesenteric artery and portal blood flow rose markedly with a reduction in superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance. Supine blood pressure was unchanged but cardiac index and forearm blood flow rose; during head‐up tilt, blood pressure fell in some subjects. 3. There was a rise in levels of plasma renin activity and a fall in levels of plasma angiotensin II after captopril. After placebo, there were no significant changes in splanchnic blood flow, systemic or other regional responses and in biochemical measurements, while supine. 4. Our studies indicate that captopril is a potent dilator of the splanchnic vascular bed and suggest that this action may contribute to its therapeutic effects. The studies indicate a role for angiotensin II in the control of this large vascular bed although other agents (bradykinin, prostacyclin) may contribute.

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Noninvasive quantification of superior mesenteric artery blood flow during sympathoneural activation in normal subjects

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of a mental task on splanchnic blood flow in fasting and postprandial conditions

Effects of a mental task on splanchnic blood flow in fasting and postprandial conditions

Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal

The effect of captopril on the superior mesenteric artery and portal venous blood flow in normal man.

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