Nonionic fluorosurfactant as an ideal candidate for one-step modification of gold nanorods

Chen, Shuang; Yang, Ming; Hong, Song; Lu, Chao

doi:10.1039/c3nr05546a

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For CTAB, the peak for the CTA + ion at m/z = 284.33 is considered for analytical comparisons. A recent study by Chen et al has reported almost complete CTAB removal due to the absence of the CTA + signal from a ligand‐exchanged NR sample at 0.06 × 10 −3 m concentration, which is well above the minimum detection limit of 10 × 10 −9 m for CTAB by ICP‐MS. Alkilany et al have used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) to quantify the percentages of CTAB (23 ± 1%) and 11‐(acryloyloxy)undecyl trimethylammonium bromide (77 ± 3%), an analogous polymerizable surfactant, after ion exchange processes.…”

Section: Characterization Techniques Used To Study Ctab Removalmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ligand Exchange on Gold Nanorods: Going Back to the Future

Indrasekara

Wadams

Fabris

2014

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Ligand exchange on gold nanorods (NRs) is still too often dismissed or not given the importance it should deserve. The many applications of gold NRs, mainly in plasmonics, biological imaging, and sensing, are made possible by fi nely tuning not only the optical properties of the metallic core but also the tethered functional groups. Gold NRs are mainly synthesized by using CTAB as the morphology-guiding surfactant, and an intimate relationship between the crystallographic facets of the rod and the CTAB bilayer exists. Because of this, it is imperative to fully understand the ligand exchange mechanisms that allow replacing CTAB with functional ligands, including the energetic contributions. Here, the major applications of gold NRs are briefl y overviewed, and what is known about ligand exchange mechanisms is summarized, as well as why it is important to achieve complete removal of CTAB, including the techniques that are used to characterize the exchange reaction products. The concept of interface in gold NRs is briefl y examined, and explained why the scientifi c community should focus more on understanding and characterizing it. Starting from the published literature, the reader is guided through the reasons why it is thought that ligand exchange on gold NRs is perhaps the next grand challenge in the nanoparticle fi eld.surfactants and reducing agents have been employed to produce gold NRs, but have been shown to not be able to yield the same fi nely tunable control over the morphology if used without CTAB. [ 14 ] In addition, it has been shown that the purity of CTAB highly infl uences the ability to synthesize gold NRs. [ 15 ] Recent work by Wadams et al. [ 16 ] has demonstrated that the NR growth is mostly susceptible to the action of CTAB during the early stages, dominated by epitaxial micellar adsorption of the surfactant and by adatom reorganization. The same authors have also shown that each stage is characterized by thermodynamically stable crystallographic facets at the tips and the sides of the rods that evolve during growth (see Figure 1 ). [ 17 ] Because of these discoveries, the above studies have opened a Pandora's box for the scientists interested in gold NRs. Because CTAB is so intimately connected to our synthetic ability to tune the nanoparticle's morphology, we cannot consider it only a mere surface stabilizer, and hence its replacement with other capping agents through ligand exchange should be considered a complex reaction, whose mechanism needs to be thoroughly understood via carefully devised thermodynamic studies. Ligand exchange is often employed as a tool to functionalize the NRs for a specifi c application and it is only rarely the primary subject of investigation. Many of the applications of gold NRs, whether in plasmonics or biological imaging, are closely dependent upon our ability to tailor their surface functionalization and tune their properties. However, the lack of understanding of ligand exchange will most likely negatively impact our ability to employ NRs in technological appl...

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Section: Characterization Techniques Used To Study Ctab Removalmentioning

confidence: 75%

Ligand Exchange on Gold Nanorods: Going Back to the Future

Indrasekara

Wadams

Fabris

2014

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…In our former study, the FSN-AuNRs could be obtained by simply mixing CTAB-AuNRs and FSN under continuous stirring at room temperature. 18 Fluorocarbon chain and unreacted Au(III) are essential for the chemical etching of the gold nanorods. Our previous study suggested that FSN can promote the redox reaction, thus facilitating the etching reaction of gold nanorods with Au(III).…”

Section: Preparation Of Fsn Functionalized Aunrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Our previous studies demonstrated that the surface CTAB of AuNRs could be effectively removed by a nonionic fluorosurfactant (FSN), and the morphology of AuNRs can also be adjusted by ligand exchange induced etching. 18 It was reported that FSN capped AuNPs are highly stable against a wide range of pH values and salts. 19,20 Similarly, FSN functionalized AuNRs manifest outstanding stability too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for the stability, biocompatible FSNs also weaken the toxicity of CTAB-AuNRs. 18 According to our previous work, a slice of small molecules can penetrate through a FSN bilayer. 20 The high stability, excellent biocompatibility, as well as penetrable surfactant bilayers of FSN-AuNRs encourage us to utilize these AuNRs for detecting small analytes in biological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colorimetric detection of biological hydrogen sulfide using fluorosurfactant functionalized gold nanorods

Zhang

Zhou

Yuan

et al. 2015

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As a well-known environmental pollutant but also an important gaseous transmitter, the specific detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is significant in biological systems. In this study, fluorosurfactant functionalized gold nanorods (FSN-AuNRs) have been proposed to act as selective colorimetric nanoprobes for H2S. With the combination of strong gold-S interactions and small FSN bilayer interstices, FSN-AuNRs demonstrate favorable selectivity and sensitivity toward H2S over other anions and small biological molecules. The practical application of the present method in biological H2S detection was validated with human and mouse serum samples. Moreover, the proposed nanoprobe can also be used for evaluating the activity of H2S synthetase.

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“…Therefore, the distance dependence of the SERS signal intensity should also be taken into consideration when designing the molecular recognition moieties and/or spacers. Polymer-derivatives, polyethylene glycol, and surfactants are usually used as capping ligands or surface passivation ligands to ensure the colloidal stability of plasmonic SERS substrates and also to control the non-specific surface adsorption of biomolecules in biological samples [47,48]. Molecular reignition elements such as antibodies, enzymes, complementary nucleic acid, aptamers, and peptides are either use directly as it is or attached to a passivation ligand or a molecular spacer and then incorporated in the functional interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for Infectious Disease Diagnosis

2019

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Diagnosis is the key component in disease elimination to improve global health. However, there is a tremendous need for diagnostic innovation for neglected tropical diseases that largely consist of mosquito-borne infections and bacterial infections. Early diagnosis of these infectious diseases is critical but challenging because the biomarkers are present at low concentrations, demanding bioanalytical techniques that can deliver high sensitivity with ensured specificity. Owing to the plasmonic nanomaterials-enabled high detection sensitivities, even up to single molecules, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gained attention as an optical analytical tool for early disease biomarker detection. In this mini-review, we highlight the SERS-based assay development tailored to detect key types of biomarkers for mosquito-borne and bacterial infections. We discuss in detail the variations of SERS-based techniques that have developed to afford qualitative and quantitative disease biomarker detection in a more accurate, affordable, and field-transferable manner. Current and emerging challenges in the advancement of SERS-based technologies from the proof-of-concept phase to the point-of-care phase are also briefly discussed.

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Nonionic fluorosurfactant as an ideal candidate for one-step modification of gold nanorods

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Ligand Exchange on Gold Nanorods: Going Back to the Future

Ligand Exchange on Gold Nanorods: Going Back to the Future

Colorimetric detection of biological hydrogen sulfide using fluorosurfactant functionalized gold nanorods

Recent Advancement in the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for Infectious Disease Diagnosis

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