Nonionic surfactants: chemical analysis (surfactant science series, vol. 19)

Cross, John; Aveyard, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)82830-5

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is obvious from this figure that the maximum dispersion capability was scanned at ethylene oxide number ¼ 20. This means that the maximum reduction of IFT (as shown in Figure 6) was obtained at this number of ethylene oxide (20). Also, the maximum adsorption of surfactant molecules on the interface was exhibited, then the maximum efficiency was obtained.…”

Section: Dispersion Capability Of Individual Nonionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The mixture was heated at temperature 1408C in presence of xylene as a solvent and 0.2% ZnO as a catalyst for 4 hours to give sorbitol oleates derivatives (sobitol mono, di, and trioleates). [20] The product was dissolved in isopropanol to remove the catalyst. The isopropanol was distilled off to get the product.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Sorbitol Oleate Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] Furthermore, the stability of o/w emulsion obtained prevents coalescence of oil droplets. The surfactants that have HLB values in range of 9 to 12 succeeded in dispersing a large quantity of oil as seen by screen and WSL methods ( Table 2) for E (20)STO and E(35)STO when used individual nonionic surfactant. A simple relationship between dispersion efficiency index and IFT values against HLB can be seen in Figures 7 and 8.…”

Section: Dispersion Capability Of Individual Nonionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

Al-Sabagh

El‐Hamouly

Atta

et al. 2007

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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In this respect mono-, di-, and tri-sorbitol oleate esters [SMO, SDO, and STO] were prepared and then ethoxylated using ethylene oxide to obtain six sorbitol esters at different ethylene oxide content (e.o 5 5, 12, 15, 20, 35, and 45). They were tested as oil spill dispersants individually and in blends. From the obtained data, it was found that the blends are more effective than the corresponding individual surfactants. The maximum dispersion capability for the prepared surfactants was obtained at HLB range from 9 to 11 for the both individual surfactants and blends. The increase of total carbon number in the surfactant alkyl group leads to increase dispersion capability of the dispersant. The wide range of ethylene oxide content was used, but the maximum dispersion efficiency was obtained at ethylene oxide 5 20 in E(20)STO. Meanwhile, the dispersion capability increases when the interfacial tension decreases.

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Section: Dispersion Capability Of Individual Nonionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Synthesis Of Sorbitol Oleate Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dispersion Capability Of Individual Nonionic Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

Al-Sabagh

El‐Hamouly

Atta

et al. 2007

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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“…The smallest (0) and largest (20) HLBs define the highest lipophilicity and hydrophilicity, respectively. The HLB values for Pluronic P123, Tween 20, and Brij 35 are 6.0, 16.7, and 16.9, respectively [29][30][31], and are shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Fine Metal Particles Usimentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of PtRu nanoparticles on various carbon supports using surfactants and their catalytic activities for methanol electro-oxidation

Kim

Kwon

Song

et al. 2007

Journal of Power Sources

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“…As aminas etoxiladas, surfactantes não iônicos 20 , foram selecionadas como agente emulsificante, os quais são os principais responsáveis pela manutenção da dispersão, que apresentam alta compatibilidade em formulações de base aquosa. A partir da variação do grau de etoxilação é possível obter produtos com ampla faixa de HLB, sendo que o aumento do grau de etoxilação aumenta o caráter hidrofílico da estrutura (maior HLB) (CROSS, 1987).…”

Section: Agentes Emulsificantesunclassified

Propriedades de emulsões óleo em água formuladas com emulsificantes reconfiguráveis através de alterações no PH

Zanotti¹

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Oil-in-water emulsions (o/w) are being used to minimize adversities encountered through flow and pumping of unconventional oil (extra heavy and viscous). Problems are imputed to the high viscosity hindering and/or blocking the pump potential of this type of oil. O/w emulsions are a system, in which the oil is dispersed, as small droplets, in the aqueous phase, which contain the emulsifying agent. Hence, it is possible to transport and pump the oil without direct contact with the pipeline wall, reducing the problems due to the high viscosity of the oil and improving the efficiency in the recovery and production of unconventional oil for the petroleum industry. For the present work, an experimental evaluation was carried out to analyzed properties of emulsions formulated with reconfigurable emulsifiers by changes in the pH. A blend of ethoxylated amines was used as emulsifying agent for oil-in-water emulsions with oil content up to 70% volumetric. Effects of pH and salinity of the aqueous phase on emulsions properties were evaluated, as following: droplets diameter, stability, apparent viscosity and zeta potential. The analyzed parameters were strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase, enabling to manage emulsions properties. Average diameter was under 20 micrometers, resulting in stable emulsions (quantity of aqueous phase separated under 12% volumetric). Emulsions presented negatively charged particles in a wide pH range. The emulsification process produced emulsions with viscosity possible to pump the oil in commercial pipelines (viscosity inferior than 400 mPa.s), being a technical feasible option. Variation of emulsion properties, with the characteristics of the emulsifying agent used, permits the adequacy of these properties as required by the process.

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Nonionic surfactants: chemical analysis (surfactant science series, vol. 19)

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

Preparation of PtRu nanoparticles on various carbon supports using surfactants and their catalytic activities for methanol electro-oxidation

Propriedades de emulsões óleo em água formuladas com emulsificantes reconfiguráveis através de alterações no PH

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