Preparation of PtRu nanoparticles on various carbon supports using surfactants and their catalytic activities for methanol electro-oxidation

Surfactant modification of banana trunk as low-cost adsorbents and their high benzene adsorptive removal performance from aqueous solution

“…The CMC of CTAB, SDS, Pluronic 123, and Triton X-100 are 1.0, 8.2, 0.07, and 0.2 mmol L À1 , respectively. 50,51 A certain amount of M-BT (e.g. 500 mg) was immersed into the surfactant solution and stirred for 24 hours.…”

Influence of defective sites in Pt/C catalysts on the anode of direct methanol fuel cell and their role in CO poisoning: a first-principles study

“…Unfortunately, Pt tends to be readily poisoned by carbon monoxide (CO), a reaction by-product, and thus in time becomes deactivated [4]. For this reason, many studies have focused on enhancing the catalytic activity by inhibiting the CO poisoning effect using carbon-supported binary catalysts including Pt, by means of an electronic effect or an ensemble effect [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Most of this research has focused on the role of the catalyst in maintaining activity.…”

The influence of different co-catalysts in Pt-based ternary and quaternary electro-catalysts on the electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol in acid media

“…It is well-known that methanol oxidation on a Pt/C catalyst occurs with the formation of adsorbed CO as intermediate, which becomes a poison on the active sites and significantly reduces the cell performance [16]. Therefore, to produce a functional electro-catalyst, significant efforts have been made worldwide to decrease the amount of Pt used and to overcome the problem of CO poisoning [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The solutions that were introduced involve the use of secondary metals such as Ru [17,18], Sn [19,20] or Mo [21] to promote the catalytic activity and the oxidation of the chemisorbed CO [22].…”

“…Therefore, to produce a functional electro-catalyst, significant efforts have been made worldwide to decrease the amount of Pt used and to overcome the problem of CO poisoning [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The solutions that were introduced involve the use of secondary metals such as Ru [17,18], Sn [19,20] or Mo [21] to promote the catalytic activity and the oxidation of the chemisorbed CO [22]. Among the most active Pt-based alloy catalysts that have been considered for activity and CO tolerance, a PtARu alloy catalyst was studied in many research groups [23][24][25].…”