Nonisothermal curing kinetics of epoxy resin composite utilizing Ga (III) xanthate as a latent catalyst

Vagvala, Tarun Chand; Kapil, Gaurav; Pandey, Shyam S.; Ogomi, Yuhei

doi:10.1002/app.42149

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Zinc xanthates with alkyl ligands comprising 2, 5, 6, and 12 carbon atoms have been synthesized as outlined in Figure a and in the Experimental Section according to previous studies. ,, Due to the low solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents, such as chloroform and toluene, they have been modified with pyridine ligands, which leads to a significant increase of their solubility. In the following text, the zinc xanthate complexes and the ZnS films prepared with these precursors will be referred to as C- x ( x = 2, 5, 6, and 12, depending on the number of carbon atoms in the linear aliphatic alkyl chain).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Sulfide Thin Films with Tunable Nanoporosity for Photocatalytic Applications

Vakalopoulou

Rath

Kräuter

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Metal xanthates are widely used as single-source precursors for the formation of metal sulfide thin films. In this study, we explore the length of the alkyl ligand as an efficient tool to control the formation and the nanoporosity of zinc sulfide thin films. The presented approach allows us to prepare highly porous thin metal sulfide films with potential applications in photocatalysis, whereby the nanoporosity is significantly enhanced with an increasing number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the metal xanthate precursors. To gain knowledge about the mechanisms leading to the changes in the nanoporosity, the thermal conversion process toward the porous films is studied in detail by time-resolved simultaneous grazing incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements using synchrotron radiation and thermogravimetric analysis. Thereby, we found that the structural changes during the early stages of the conversion process, which are distinctly influenced by the decomposition temperature of the metal xanthates, different growth regimes of the nanocrystals, and a mesophase formation, governed by the properties of the decomposition products of the metal xanthates, are mainly responsible for the changes of the structural properties and the nanoporosity of the final ZnS films.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Sulfide Thin Films with Tunable Nanoporosity for Photocatalytic Applications

Vakalopoulou

Rath

Kräuter

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Effect of Varying Alkyl Chain Length on Thermal Decomposition Temperature of Zinc(II) Xanthates and its Impact on Curing of Epoxy Resin

Vagvala

Pandey

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2015

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Linear and branched zinc(II) xanthates with varying alkyl chain length were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Zinc sulfide as the final decomposition product upon thermal annealing of zinc(II) xanthates was confirmed by XRD analysis. Cure time for epoxy resin composite at various temperatures was analyzed employing zinc(II) xanthates (5 % mass) as latent cure catalysts. XRD investigation of the cured epoxy resin including zinc(II) xanthates upon thermal annealing revealed the presence of ZnS in‐situ in the composite matrix, indicating the in‐situ thermal decomposition of zinc(II) xanthates as probable mechanism for curing. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to investigate the thermal decomposition temperature trend of zinc(II) xanthates. A parallel trend was observed correlating the thermal decomposition temperature trend of zinc(II) xanthates and the order of curing catalytic efficiency utilizing zinc(II) xanthates. In the case of linear alkylzinc(II) xanthates with an increase in the alkyl chain length, both thermal decomposition temperature and the cure time were enhanced. In contrast, in case of branched alkyl chain zinc(II) xanthates with increasing alkyl chain length show decreasing thermal decomposition temperature as well as cure time.

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Study on curing kinetics of epoxy-amine to reduce temperature caused by the exothermic reaction

et al. 2020

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Nonisothermal curing kinetics of epoxy resin composite utilizing Ga (III) xanthate as a latent catalyst

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Metal Sulfide Thin Films with Tunable Nanoporosity for Photocatalytic Applications

Metal Sulfide Thin Films with Tunable Nanoporosity for Photocatalytic Applications

Effect of Varying Alkyl Chain Length on Thermal Decomposition Temperature of Zinc(II) Xanthates and its Impact on Curing of Epoxy Resin

Study on curing kinetics of epoxy-amine to reduce temperature caused by the exothermic reaction

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