Nonisothermal two‐phase modeling of the effect of linear nonuniform catalyst layer on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Sabzpoushan, Seyedali; Mosleh, Hassan Jafari; Kavian, Soheil; Pour, Mohsen Saffari; Mohammadi, Omid; Aghanajafi, Cyrus; Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1002/ese3.765

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The cell characteristic was better at the low operating voltage when more catalysts were placed under the flow channel, near the membrane side and at the inlet of CH, but the uneven distribution of catalyst loading had little effect on cell performance at high operating voltage. Sabzpoushan et al 16 studied two kinds of linear distributions of catalyst loading along the gas flow direction, including linearly decreasing and linearly increasing distributions. The polarization curves and species distributions for cases of uniform distribution and two linear distributions were compared.…”

Section: Establishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gradient distribution of platinum loading along flow channel direction

Guo

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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The distribution of oxygen concentration along the flow channel direction is uneven in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. To make the full use of the higher oxygen concentration in the inlet area, the platinum loading can be designed to be gradient decreasing distribution from inlet to outlet. A two-dimensional, nonisothermal, two-phase agglomerate model is established to study the segment number and segment length effects on heat and species distributions and the cell performance. Results indicate that the gradient decreasing distribution of platinum loading can enhance the cell performance compared with the uniform distribution. Furthermore, increasing the segment number is unfavorable to the enhancement of cell performance but can make the temperature and oxygen concentration distributions of cathode catalyst layer more uniform.Increasing the segment length near the inlet area can make the cell performance improved, whereas it is unfavorable to the temperature distribution uniformity. K E Y W O R D Sagglomerate model, heat transfer, mass transfer, nonuniform catalyst layer, proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Section: Establishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gradient distribution of platinum loading along flow channel direction

Guo

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must, however, decline by 50% by 2030 and reach net zero by the middle of the century if the worst effects of climate change are to be avoided [13]. Therefore, it is imperative to develop more effective technologies to avoid these toxic gases [14][15][16][17]. Our usage of clean technologies must expand by at least one order of magnitude if we are to decarbonize our energy supply and achieve its net zero goals [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super–protonic conductors for solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs): a review

Afroze

Reza

Somalu

et al. 2023

Eurasian j. phys. funct. mater.

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Fuel cell holds the promise of being environmentally friendly and becomes one of the alternatives for renewable energy. Solid acids have super-protonic behavior which allows them to become conductors. It can function at high temperatures. Hydration, on the other hand, may be used to improve the performance of the solid acid. Moreover, the conductivity, stability, and crystal structure of the solid acid compounds of the fuel cell are all influenced by the size of the electrolyte membrane. Very few works have been done on solid acid fuel cells which are still under investigation to make it one viable as well as a reliable alternative to clean, renewable energy. In general, this work will provide an overview of the variables or characteristics that affect the technical effectiveness and performance of the unique super-protonic conductors for solid acid fuel cells.

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“…From the steady-state models, the numerical works are oriented towards the entire fuel cell flow fields and experimental validation, as seen in Carcadea et al [43]. Another interesting approach related to steady-state models is seen in Sabzpoushan et al [44] where the authors have conducted a numerical study, using a two-dimensional steady-state model, to investigate the influence of non-uniform catalyst loading using a constant slope along the channel, where the performance of the cell is increased by 1.6% in power density and 5% in voltage. The transient approach is also gaining traction and oriented towards studying temporally resolved mass concentrations of the gas constituents with and without purge strategies in Peng et al [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transient models are also developed to study the influence of the inlet velocity fluctuations on the performance of the cell, Kulikovsky [46], as well as performance of the cell with the existence of catalyst layer cracks under relative humidity cycling conditions, Qin et al [47]. Some of the mentioned approaches [43][44][45][46][47] will be the focus of the following works due to increasing the computational complexity, which is not feasible at the moment due to the prolonged time required since optimization must be conducted in a reasonable amount of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Baffles and Secondary Porous Layers for Performance Enhancement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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A numerical study is conducted to compare the current most popular flow field configurations, porous, biporous, porous with baffles, Toyota 3D fine-mesh, and traditional rectangular flow field. Operation at high current densities is considered to elucidate the effect of the flow field designs on the overall heat transfer and liquid water removal. A comprehensive 3D, multiphase, nonisothermal computational fluid dynamics model is developed based on up-to-date heat and mass transfer sub-models, incorporating the complete formulation of the Forchheimer inertial effect and the permeability ratio of the biporous layers. The porous and baffled flow field improves the cell performance by minimizing mass transport losses, enhancing the water removal from the diffusion layers. The baffled flow field is chosen for optimization owing to the simple design and low manufacturing cost. A total of 49 configurations were mutually compared in the design of experiments to show the quantitative effect of each parameter on the performance of the baffled flow field. The results elucidate the significant influence of small geometry modifications on the overall heat and mass transfer. The results of different cases have shown that water saturation can be decreased by up to 33.59% and maximal temperature by 7.91 °C when compared to the reference case which is already characterized by very high performance. The most influencing geometry parameters of the baffles on the cell performance are revealed. The best case of the 49 studied cases is further optimized by introducing a linear scaling factor. Additional geometry modifications demonstrate that the gain in performance can be increased, but at a cost of higher pressure drop and increased design complexity. The conclusions of this work aids in the development of compact and high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks.

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Nonisothermal two‐phase modeling of the effect of linear nonuniform catalyst layer on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Heat and mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gradient distribution of platinum loading along flow channel direction

Heat and mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gradient distribution of platinum loading along flow channel direction

Super–protonic conductors for solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs): a review

Combining Baffles and Secondary Porous Layers for Performance Enhancement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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