“…Compared with the high computational costs requirement of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, as well as the implementation difficulty of experimental tests at the nanoscale, nonclassical continuum mechanics is convenient for addressing size-dependent behaviors of nanostructures. A practical nonclassical continuum mechanics approach is to extend the classical theories by introducing some material length-scale parameters, such as couple stress theory (Awrejcewicz et al, 2017a(Awrejcewicz et al, , 2017bAwrejcewicz and Krysko, 2020;Krysko et al, 2017aKrysko et al, , 2017bKrysko et al, , 2017cKrysko et al, , 2018, strain gradient theory, and nonlocal elastic theory. Since the governing equations and boundary conditions remain in the classical forms, nonlocal elasticity is widely used to capture the size-dependent response of microstructures.…”