Nonlinear microfluidics: device physics, functions, and applications

Xia, Huan; Wu, Jiawei; Zheng, Jiajia; Zhang, Jun; Wang, Zhiping

doi:10.1039/d0lc01120g

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…Because of the Poiseuillelike flow inside the microchannel 34 (i.e., parabolic velocity profile), viscoelastic forces act on the suspended particles and lead to a cross-stream migration toward the channel centerline when the suspending fluid either presents a near constant viscosity or negligible shear-thinning properties. 31,35,36 Particles flowing at the centerline display a velocity which is very close to the centerline streamline fluid velocity when the confinement ratio β defined as particle diameter d p over channel diameter D is 37 β = d p /D ≈ 0.1. In other words, when Using the microfluidic rheometer, the shear viscosity η can be evaluated using the Hagen−Poiseuille law: 26…”

Section: Working Principle Of the Microfluidic Rheometermentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Temperature-Dependent Rheological Measurements of Non-Newtonian Solutions Using a Machine-Learning Aided Microfluidic Rheometer

Giudice

Barnes

2022

Anal. Chem.

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Biofluids such as synovial fluid, blood plasma, and saliva contain several proteins which impart non-Newtonian properties to the biofluids. The concentration of such protein macromolecules in biofluids is regarded as an important biomarker for the diagnosis of several health conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, joint quality, and Alzheimer's. Existing technologies for the measurements of macromolecules in biofluids are limited; they require a long turnaround time, or require complex protocols, thus calling for alternative, more suitable, methodologies aimed at such measurements. According to the well-established relations for polymer solutions, the concentration of macromolecules in solutions can also be derived via measurement of rheological properties such as shear-viscosity and the longest relaxation time. We here introduce a microfluidic rheometer for rapid simultaneous measurement of shear viscosity and longest relaxation time of non-Newtonian solutions at different temperatures. At variance with previous technologies, our microfluidic rheometer provides a very short turnaround time of around 2 min or less thanks to the implementation of a machinelearning algorithm. We validated our platform on several aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide). We also performed measurements on hyaluronic acid solutions in the clinical range for joint grade assessment. We observed monotonic behavior with the concentration for both rheological properties, thus speculating on their use as potential rheo-markers, i.e., rheological biomarkers, across several disease states.

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Section: Working Principle Of the Microfluidic Rheometermentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Temperature-Dependent Rheological Measurements of Non-Newtonian Solutions Using a Machine-Learning Aided Microfluidic Rheometer

Giudice

Barnes

2022

Anal. Chem.

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“…Abgrall and Gué [35] give a complementary review (to [1,2]) of the requisite micromanufacturing techniques. The multiphysics couplings occurring in microfluidic systems, of which the fluid-solid coupling detailed in section 3 is one example, has led to the introduction of the term "nonlinear microfluidics," overviews of which can be found in [36,37]. The role of such nonlinear elastohydrodynamic effects on dynamic force measurements (with implications for, e.g., atomic force microscopes and surface forces apparatuses) are reviewed by Wang et al [38,39].…”

Section: Scope Of the Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft hydraulics: from Newtonian to complex fluid flows through compliant conduits

Christov

2021

Preprint

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Microfluidic devices manufactured from soft polymeric materials have emerged as a paradigm for cheap, disposable and easy-to-prototype fluidic platforms for integrating chemical and biological assays and analyses. The interplay between the flow forces and the inherently compliant conduits of such microfluidic devices requires careful consideration. While mechanical compliance was initially a side-effect of the manufacturing process and materials used, compliance has now become a paradigm, enabling new approaches to microrheological measurements, new modalities of micromixing, and improved sieving of micro-and nano-particles, to name a few applications. This topical review provides an introduction to the physics of these systems. Specifically, the goal of this review is to summarize the recent progress towards a mechanistic understanding of the interaction between non-Newtonian (complex) fluid flows and their deformable confining boundaries. In this context, key experimental results and relevant applications are also explored, hand-in-hand with the fundamental principles for their physics-based modeling. The key topics covered include shear-dependent viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids, hydrodynamic pressure gradients during flow, the elastic response (bulging and deformation) of soft conduits due to flow within, the effect of cross-sectional conduit geometry on the resulting fluid-structure interaction, and key dimensionless groups describing the coupled physics. Open problems and future directions in this nascent field of soft hydraulics, at the intersection of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, soft matter physics, and microfluidics, are noted.

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“…Excellent review articles have summarized the voluminous research efforts devoted to understanding the dynamics and control mechanisms of droplet formation at the micro-scale level using both experimental and numerical approaches (e.g., Pit et al, 2015;Anna, 2016;Chong et al, 2016;Martino and deMello, 2016;Zhu and Wang, 2017;Douf ène et al, 2019;Khojasteh et al, 2019;Sohrabi et al, 2020;Cai et al, 2021;Han and Chen, 2021;Lashkaripour et al, 2021;Roy et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021;Xia et al, 2021;Venkateshwarlu and Bharti, 2022;Dhondi et al, 2022;Samadder et al, 2022, etc.). Since the detailed literature related to the two-phase flow through T-junction cross-flow microfluidic device has been reviewed in our recent study (Venkateshwarlu and Bharti, 2021), only the salient literature is summarized here to avoid replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational analysis of interface evolution and droplet pinch-off mechanism in two-phase liquid flow through T-junction microfluidic system

Venkateshwarlu,

Bharti

2022

Preprint

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This work has explored interface evolution and pinch-off mechanism of the droplet formation in two-phase flow through cross-flow microfluidic device. The two-dimensional mathematical model equations have been solved using the finite element method under the squeezing regime (Ca c < 10 −2 ) for wide range of flow rates (0.1 ≤ Q r ≤ 10) and fixed contact angle (θ = 135 o ). The droplet formation process has been classified into various instantaneous stages as initial, filling, squeezing, pinch-off and stable droplet through microscopic visualization of interface evolution in phase profiles. The dynamics of interface, and point pressure in both phases is further gained and discussed. Maximum pressure in the continuous phase varied linearly with Q r . The droplet pinch-off mechanism has been thoroughly elucidated by determining the local radius of the curvature (R c,min ) and neck width (2r) during the squeezing and pinch-off stages. At the pinch-off point, both R c,min and 2r are non-linearly related to Q r . Further, the topological dynamics of interface has been explored by analyzing the Laplace pressure (p L ), acting on the interface curvature, evaluated using (a) pressure sensors in both phases, p L = p dp − p cp , (b) local radius of curvature p L = σ (1/R f + 1/R r ), and (c) minimum radius of curvature, p L = σ 1/R c,min . The insights obtained from the present work can reliably be used in designing the model and prototypes of

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Nonlinear microfluidics: device physics, functions, and applications

Abstract: The microfluidic flow is typically laminar due to the dominant viscous effects. At Reynolds numbers far below 1 (Re<<1), the fluid inertia can be neglected. For the steady flow of...

Cited by 46 publications

References 275 publications

Rapid Temperature-Dependent Rheological Measurements of Non-Newtonian Solutions Using a Machine-Learning Aided Microfluidic Rheometer

Rapid Temperature-Dependent Rheological Measurements of Non-Newtonian Solutions Using a Machine-Learning Aided Microfluidic Rheometer

Soft hydraulics: from Newtonian to complex fluid flows through compliant conduits

Computational analysis of interface evolution and droplet pinch-off mechanism in two-phase liquid flow through T-junction microfluidic system

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