Nonlinear transport effects in mass separation by effusion

Abstract

Generalizations of Onsager reciprocity relations are established for the nonlinear response coefficients of ballistic transport in the effusion of gaseous mixtures. These generalizations, which have been established on the basis of the fluctuation theorem for the currents, are here considered for mass separation by effusion. In this kinetic process, the mean values of the currents depend nonlinearly on the affinities or thermodynamic forces controlling the nonequilibrium constraints. These nonlinear transport effects are shown to play an important role in the process of mass separation. In particular, the entropy efficiency turns out to be significantly larger than it would be the case if the currents were supposed to depend linearly on the affinities. arXiv:1103.5420v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]

Multivariate fluctuation relations for currents

“…in terms of the affinities (55) and (56). Accordingly, the consequences presented in the previous section, in particular concerning the response properties, apply to effusion [83]. We notice that the demonstration has been directly carried out from the microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics and the invariant probability distribution defining the infinite-particle dynamical system without using any stochastic master equation.…”

“…as it should [82,83]. Transforming equation (62) with the ratio (54), the multivariate fluctuation relation is established for effusion in the form:…”

Time‐Reversal Symmetry Relations for Currents in Quantum and Stochastic Nonequilibrium Systems

“…in terms of the transition rates (136) [108,109]. By their property (137), the generating function obeys the same symmetry relation (103) as in the quantum case.…”

“…Such thermodynamic efficiencies have been considered for molecular motors [107] as well as for mass separation by effusion [108].…”

“…The current fluctuation theorem has also been established for effusion processes [108,109]. Effusion processes are the classical analogues of electron quantum transport through a constriction, such as the quantum point contact of Fig.…”