Nonmonotonic fracture behavior of polymer nanocomposites

Castro, Janaina G. de; Zargar, Rojman; Habibi, Mehdi; Varol, H. Samet; Parekh, Sapun H.; Hosseinkhani, B.; Adda-Bedia, Mokhtar; Bonn, Daniel

doi:10.1063/1.4922287

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For instance, TP7 (30 phr ENR/70 phr SBR) with 25 phr (N550) and silanized silica (10 phr) is 133% higher (poor RR effect) compared to TP4 (30 phr ENR/70 phr SBR) with mixtures of CBs (25 phr N550/10 phr N330) and silanized silica (10 phr). This means that complementary of the fillers enhances hysteresis loss, even though the formation and collapsing of aggregate (filler-filler accumulation) which leads to frictional energy is possible [35]. Nonetheless, it appears the TP4 (30 phr ENR/70 phr SBR) contributes more to the improvement in hysteresis loss compared to compounds without silica (TP8) which attains extremely high loop area (higher hysteresis loss) of about 277%.…”

Section: Hysteresis Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viscoelastic behavior of elastomer results in an energy loss during a cycle of extensioncontraction; the energy loss is called hysteresis (or hysteretic loss). The hysteresis loss is related to the rolling resistance (RR) (fuel consumption) of tread tire; the higher the hysteresis loss, the higher the RR of a moving tire and the higher fuel is consumed [35]. The cyclic loading is indicated in stress-strain plots in Figure 8(a) whilst the area of loss is plotted in Figure 8(b).…”

Section: Hysteresis Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the remaining samples with relatively low crosslinking densities (TP1, TP3, TP4, TP6, and TP8) exhibit a kind of unstable brittle-like fracture paths, with somewhat high failure resistance when compared. In particular, the sample TP3 (Figure 11(c)) has exhibited a kind of nonunidirectional crack propagation path popularly called knotty crack growth, a mechanism linked to redistribution of loads by either crystalline sites in the composites or well aligned reinforcements, thereby reducing the sudden failure of the bulk matrix [35,38]. This could explain why TP3 exhibited high fatigue strength in relation to its counterparts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Blends for Industrial Tire Tread Fabrication

Mensah

Agyei‐Tuffour

Nyankson

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

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The physico-mechanical properties of variable rubber blends including epoxide natural rubber (ENR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with silanized silica and carbon black mixtures were explored. The tensile, hardness, resilience, abrasion, and fatigue behavior were investigated. An optimized composition involving 30 phr of ENR and 70 phr SBR filled with mixtures of carbon blacks and silanized silica was proposed to be a suitable composition for the future development of green passenger truck tires, with low rolling resistance (fuel saving ability), high wear resistance, and desired fatigue failure properties.

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Section: Hysteresis Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hysteresis Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Characterization of Rubber Blends for Industrial Tire Tread Fabrication

Mensah

Agyei‐Tuffour

Nyankson

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…15 nm, 20 nm, and 28 nm]/NBR (M w = 250,000 g/mol, glass transition temperature, T g ≈ −36°C; see SI Appendix, Fig. S13) nanocomposites were produced at SKF Elgin (46). In terms of per hundred rubber units (PHR), the filler amounts in the NBR composites can be rewritten as 10 PHR (Φ = 3%), 30 PHR (Φ = 8.2%), 50 PHR (Φ = 14%), and 90 PHR (Φ = 22.5%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle amount, and not size, determines chain alignment and nonlinear hardening in polymer nanocomposites

Varol

Meng

Hosseinkhani

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Polymer nanocomposites-materials in which a polymer matrix is blended with nanoparticles (or fillers)-strengthen under sufficiently large strains. Such strain hardening is critical to their function, especially for materials that bear large cyclic loads such as car tires or bearing sealants. Although the reinforcement (i.e., the increase in the linear elasticity) by the addition of filler particles is phenomenologically understood, considerably less is known about strain hardening (the nonlinear elasticity). Here, we elucidate the molecular origin of strain hardening using uniaxial tensile loading, microspectroscopy of polymer chain alignment, and theory. The strain-hardening behavior and chain alignment are found to depend on the volume fraction, but not on the size of nanofillers. This contrasts with reinforcement, which depends on both volume fraction and size of nanofillers, potentially allowing linear and nonlinear elasticity of nanocomposites to be tuned independently.nanocomposites | nonlinear elasticity | strain stiffening | polymer bridging | polymer chain alignment M any synthetic and natural materials around us increase their elastic modulus upon large deformation after initial softening-a phenomenon that is known as work or strain hardening, which is critical to their function. In ductile polymer materials, the strain-hardening behavior is essential for their functional lifetime, resilience, and toughness-all key parameters of their practical uses-because these materials repetitively bear large loads (1, 2). Many industrial and consumer polymeric materials are composites, in which (hard) nanoscale inorganic particles, or fillers, are blended with polymer matrices to tailor their mechanical properties. In preparing such nanocomposites, filler−filler and filler−matrix interaction, filler dispersion, and polymer properties all affect the linear (low strain) and nonlinear (high strain) mechanical response in nontrivial ways (3). Although a massive volume of work has attempted to clarify the mechanism of reinforcement (increased linear elasticity) at low strain and of nonlinear strain softening (the Payne and Mullins effects) at medium strain, a comparatively much smaller body of work exists that focuses on the mechanism of strain hardening in polymer composite materials.In analogy to rubber elasticity at large deformations, strain hardening in polymer composites is typically attributed to the increasing resistance to deformation of extended and oriented polymer chains (4-7). However, it has been shown that polymer chain alignment during strain hardening is strongly affected by dispersing fillers within the host polymer matrix (8-10). To account for these observations, one needs to establish the relation between the macroscopically observed strain hardening and the microscopic chain alignment that is affected by the presence of fillers.The connection between chain alignment and strain hardening in glassy polymer composites is purported to occur because the fillers act as "entanglement attractors." In this...

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“…Most of the drop occurs already for a very small strain, typically below 0.1. The strong dependence on the strain amplitude is due to the breakup of the filler network [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. That is, in the undeformed state, if the filler particle (volume) fraction is larger than ≈0.3, they form a percolating network in the rubber matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%