Nonparaxial propagation of a rectangular multi-Gaussian Schell-model beam

Degree of paraxiality of a multi-Gaussian beam diffracted by a circular aperture

“…With the continuous development of laser technology, the researches on the propagation and transformation of light beams have been extended from paraxial field to non-paraxial field [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The non-paraxial beam, namely a beam with a large divergence angle or a spot size that is equal to or even smaller than wavelength, can be produced by the solid-state laser, microcavity, or beams tightly focused with a high numerical aperture [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Multi-Gaussian Schell-model source with a complex coherence state

“…Products of 1D and 2D MGSM distributions were also used to describe scattering from structures with cylindrical and Cartesian symmetries [22][23][24]. The flat-top MGSM beams have been very well studied: their non-paraxial propagation was discussed in [25]; their electromagnetic extension was introduced in [26]; their versions with a twist phase and a vortex were suggested in [27] and [28], respectively; the arrays with the flat-top MGSM elements were examined in [29]. The interaction of the MGSM beams with crystals [30], deterministic scatterers [31,32], turbulent atmosphere [33] and turbulent ocean [34] is also known.…”