Nonprotein amino acids from seeds of Cycas circinalis and Phaseolus vulgaris

Li, Congjun; Brownson, Delia M.; Mabry, Tom J.; Perera, Chris; Bell, E. A.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00851-9

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Three steroidal compounds; β-sitosterol (51), mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (52) (Habib, Nikkon, Rahman, Haque, & Karim, 2007), and βsitosterol glucoside (53) (Ismail, 2013). One acyclic diterpene alcohol, 3,7,9,11-tetramethyl heptadecanoic acid (54) (Abdelgawad, Ma, Hetta, Ross, & Badria, 2015) and one non-protein amino acid, N-(3ʹ-one-5ʹ-methyl)hexyl-alanine (55) (Li, Brownson, Mabry, Perera, & Bell, 1996). All the isolated compounds have been identified by comparing their chemical, spectral, and physical data with those reported in literature.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Chemical Constituents Of Cycas Armstronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and therapeutic potential of three Cycas species in brain damage and pancreatitis provoked by γ-radiation exposure in rats

Ismail

Hassan

Moawad

et al. 2020

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

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Section: Investigation Of the Chemical Constituents Of Cycas Armstronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and therapeutic potential of three Cycas species in brain damage and pancreatitis provoked by γ-radiation exposure in rats

Ismail

Hassan

Moawad

et al. 2020

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

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“…Cycad seeds also contain the toxic compounds pakoein, macrozamin (0.42% fresh weight; Whiting, 1963), and possibly the toxic non-protein amino acid β-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) (Charlton et al, 1992;Oh et al, 1995;Li et al, 1996). More recently, Khabazian et al (2002) isolated and identified putative active neurotoxic components of washed cycad chips.…”

Section: Identifying the Neurotoxin In Cycadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis, occurrence, and toxicity of ß-methylaminoalanine (BMAA)

2007

TemaNord

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“…Toxic elements found in cycad seeds on Guam include pakoein, cycasin ( 0.10% fresh weight ), macrozamin (0.42% fresh weight; Whiting 1963; Norstog & Nicholls 1997 ), and the toxic nonprotein amino acid BMAA (β‐methylamino L‐alanine, 480–720 μg/g fresh weight ) (Charlton et al 1992; Oh et al 1995; Li et al 1996 ). Cycasin and macrozamin have chemical structures: a toxic aglycone, MAM ( methylazoxymethanol), attached to a sugar ( Fig.…”

Section: A Neurological Enigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Implications of Chamorro Consumption of Flying Foxes as a Possible Cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis–Parkinsonism Dementia Complex in Guam

Monson

Banack

Cox³

2003

Conservation Biology

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In the Pacific island of Guam, flying fox ( Pteropus mariannus and P. tokudae ) populations historically persisted for centuries despite subsistence foraging by the indigenous Chamorro people. However, the militarization of Guam in the twentieth century, with an increased emphasis on a cash rather than a subsistence economy, led to two features that had deleterious effects on the flying fox populations: easy access to firearms greatly increased hunter yields and disposable income facilitated commercial traffic in flying foxes. As a result, consumption of flying foxes dramatically increased, leading to the extinction of one indigenous species and near extinction of another. The demise of the flying fox populations was mirrored by a subsequent decrease in the health of the Chamorro people. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), a neurological disease with aspects of ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, became a major cause of adult death in some villages. It has been recently hypothesized that consumption of flying foxes by the Chamorro may have generated sufficiently high cumulative doses of neurotoxins to result in the observed high levels of ALS-PDC among the Chamorros in Guam because flying foxes forage on cycad seeds that are rich in neurotoxins. Commercialization of traffic in wild flying fox populations may have therefore produced grave health consequences for the Chamorro people. Implicaciones para la Conservación del Consumo de Zorros Voladores por Chamorros como Causa Posible del Complejo Demencia Parkinsoniana-Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica en GuamResumen: En la isla de Guam en el Pacífico, las poblaciones de zorros voladores ( Pteropus mariannus y P. tokudae ) históricamente persistieron por siglos a pesar del forrajeo de subsistencia por habitantes indígenas Chamorro. Sin embargo, la militarización de Guam en el siglo veinte, con un mayor énfasis en una economía de capital en lugar de una economía de subsistencia, condujo a dos características que tuvieron impactos deletéreos sobre las poblaciones de zorros voladores: el acceso fácil a las armas de fuego aumentó significativamente las capturas y el ingreso disponible facilitó el tráfico comercial de zorros voladores. Como resultado, el consumo de zorros voladores aumentó drásticamente, lo que llevó a la extinción de una de las especies nativas y prácticamente a la extinción de la otra. La desaparición de las poblaciones de zorros voladores fue seguida por un desmejoramiento de la salud de los Chamorro. El complejo demencia Parkinsonism-esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (CDP-ELA), una enfermedad neurológica con aspectos de ELA, mal de Alzheimer y de Parkinson, se convirtió en una importante causa de muerte entre los adultos de algunos poblados. Se postuló recientemente que el consumo de zorros voladores por Chamorros puede haber generado § Address correspondence to P. A. Cox.

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Nonprotein amino acids from seeds of Cycas circinalis and Phaseolus vulgaris

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Chemical composition and therapeutic potential of three Cycas species in brain damage and pancreatitis provoked by γ-radiation exposure in rats

Chemical composition and therapeutic potential of three Cycas species in brain damage and pancreatitis provoked by γ-radiation exposure in rats

Analysis, occurrence, and toxicity of ß-methylaminoalanine (BMAA)

Conservation Implications of Chamorro Consumption of Flying Foxes as a Possible Cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis–Parkinsonism Dementia Complex in Guam

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