Nonstate Providers of Everyday Security in Fragile African States

Baker, Bruce

doi:10.1057/9780230605572_6

Fragile States and Insecure People? 2007

DOI: 10.1057/9780230605572_6

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Nonstate Providers of Everyday Security in Fragile African States

Bruce Baker¹

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…Mark Duffield (2001) argues that zones of conflict and insecurity feature innovative political complexes while Mampilly (2011) recognizes that rebel and insurgent groups are simultaneously governance actors; others stress that purportedly 'ungoverned spaces' are rather alternatively governed by systems different from statehood (Clunan and Trinkunas 2010; Risse 2012); several authors suggest that informal actors do much more policing than state authorities (Baker 2007(Baker , 2010Albrecht and Kyed 2010) while others argue that local practices that are generally excluded from peacebuilding programs as backwards and illiberal nonetheless contain important potentials for peace (Richmond 2014;Mac Ginty 2011).…”

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Security Provision and Political Formation in Hybrid Orders

Lawrence¹

2017

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The security sector reform literature is increasingly turning towards the inclusion of non-state security providers, but the long-term patterns of political development to which such engagement might contribute remain underexplored. This article thus provides several lenses with which to understand the relationship between non-state security provision and political development. It first presents three perspectives (functionalism, political economy, and communitarianism) with which to understand the nature and behavior of non-state security providers. Second, it outlines five possible long-term trajectories of political formation and the role of non-state security providers in each. These discussions highlight the idea of hybridity, and the remainder of the paper argues that the concept can be usefully applied in (at least) two ways. The third section proposes that hybridity can help overcome longstanding but misleading conceptual binaries, while the fourth rearticulates hybridity as a dynamic developmental process -hybridization -that can be contrasted with security politics as the underlying logic by which security providers (both state and non-state) interact and change over time.

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Security Provision and Political Formation in Hybrid Orders

Lawrence¹

2017

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Non-state Armed Groups as a Threat to Global Security: What Threat, Whose Security?

Englehart

2016

J Glob Secur Stud

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The Impact of Drug Trafficking on Informal Security Actors in Kenya

Schuberth

2014

Africa Spectrum

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The Kenyan state is currently under pressure from two sides: First, numerous non-state armed groups have taken over the provision of security in areas where the state is practically absent. Second, drug-trafficking organizations are gaining ground as the country is increasingly being used as a major transit hub for narcotics. This article investigates the relationship between drug trafficking and informal security provision in Kenya and draws analogies from comparable experiences in Latin America and West Africa. Field research in Kenya has demonstrated that profit-oriented, informal security actors in Mombasa work for drug lords, while their counterparts in Nairobi are more likely to be hired by politicians. Moreover, faith-based vigilante groups in both cities appear to be less susceptible to external manipulation by drug traffickers. The article concludes by considering the potential consequences of an expansion of the drug trade in Kenya.

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Nonstate Providers of Everyday Security in Fragile African States

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Security Provision and Political Formation in Hybrid Orders

Security Provision and Political Formation in Hybrid Orders

Non-state Armed Groups as a Threat to Global Security: What Threat, Whose Security?

The Impact of Drug Trafficking on Informal Security Actors in Kenya

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