Nonsyndromic oral clefts and associated risk factors in the state of Bahia, Brazil

Maranhão, Samário Cintra; Sá, Jamile de Oliveira; Cangussú, Maria Cristina Teixeira; Coletta, Ricardo D.; Reis, Sílvia Regina de Almeida; Medrado, Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto

doi:10.1007/s40368-020-00522-0

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Syria, there is no exclusive database for patients with CL/P, and therefore we did not study the incidence rate in our country as we could not access all cases. Regional distribution of CL/P may vary between countries, as shown in several studies [22,23,24,25]. In our sample, we found that most cases of condition are in the southern regions of Syria, at a rate of 76.7%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Regarding the location of the cleft lip, 35.4% of the cases were two-side cleft, 32.3% were right unilateral cleft, 28.3% were left unilateral cleft and 4% central unilateral cleft. Similarly, the majority of research results showed that unilateral cleft was more frequent than bilateral [2,22,25,27,29,30]. One of the studies also showed a higher occurrence of right unilateral CL [27], while another found dominance in the left side [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, the majority of research results showed that unilateral cleft was more frequent than bilateral [2,22,25,27,29,30]. One of the studies also showed a higher occurrence of right unilateral CL [27], while another found dominance in the left side [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We studied the family history of CL/P for all patients along with the degree of relation to a family member with CL/P, and results showed that 21.8% of cases had a first-degree relative and 24.8% had a second-degree relative with CL/P, while the remaining 53.4% had no family history of CL/P. Papers that studied the link between CL/P and family history found a significant relationship [2,22,25,30], one of which also found a positive family history in 27.6%, and especially second degree relatives [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and risk factors of cleft lip and palate on patients from a sample of Damascus hospitals - A case-control study

Nahas

Alzamel

Dali

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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This case-control study was conducted to determine the distribution of cleft lip and/or palate, its association with family history, syndromes and serous otitis media (SOM), and its relation with several risk factors. Methods: The case group comprised of 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 noncleft children born full-term. Data was collected including age, gender, origin and risk factors for cleft lip and palate from patients' files, interviewing supervising doctors, and the patient. Data was then filled out into Excel and underwent statistical analysis using the Goodness of Fit Test and Chi-Square to determine the significance of the results. Results: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) was slightly higher among males (51.9%). Combined cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most common presentation (42.1%). Cleft lips (CL) were mostly complete cleft (51,5%) incomplete cleft comprised (41.1%), In the sample 35.4% of the cases were bilateral, 32.3% were right unilateral, 28.3% were left unilateral and 4% were median cleft. Cleft palate (CP) was mostly complete (46.6%) there were incomplete clefts (40%), and the remainder were submucosal (13.4%). Isolated CL and combined CLP were higher in males (51.6%, 62.5% respectively). Both isolated CP and Tessier anomaly were more common in females (64.7% and 58.3% respectively). consanguineous marriages accounted for 36.1% of cases. 21.8% of the sample had a firstdegree relative and 24.8% had a second degree relative born with CL/P. There were only 7 cases (0.05%) of syndromic CL/P: Down's (4), Pierre Robin's (2), and Van der Woude Syndrome (1). A relationship was found between CL/P and the risk factors: taking anticonvulsants (without specifying the drug) (p ¼ 0.025, OR ¼ 10.73 C.I. 95%), taking retinoic acid (p-value ¼ 0.049, OR ¼ 4.75 C.I. 95%), not consuming folic acid (p-value ¼ 0.00, OR ¼ 28.23 C.I. 95%), and smoking cigarettes (p-value ¼ 0.046, OR ¼ 2.00 C.I. 95%). There was no relationship with maternal alcohol consumption or maternal diabetes (p-values ¼ 0.652 and 0.210, respectively). SOM was present in 63.2% of patients with CL/P and were mostly isolated CP. Conclusion: CL/P was only slightly higher among males. The most common condition was CLP. There was higher incidence of CL/P among second-degree relatives than first degree. Down's, Pierre Robin's, and Van der Woude Syndromes may be associated with CL/P. Taking anticonvulsants, taking retinoic acid, not consuming folic acid, and smoking cigarettes all have a role in the incidence of CL/P. More than half of the sample had an associated SOM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and risk factors of cleft lip and palate on patients from a sample of Damascus hospitals - A case-control study

Nahas

Alzamel

Dali

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…A pooled study by Deroo et al (2016) observed an increased risk for CLO (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.11), but only for instances where the mother binged (5+ drinks) in at least three different settings during pregnancy (Deroo et al, 2016). Another study in Brazil found an increased risk of CL/P due to drinking relative to CPO (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.38; Maranhao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Behavioral Risk Factors For Ofcsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts

Garland

Reynolds

Zhou

2020

Birth Defects Research

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Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects and impart a significant burden on afflicted individuals and their families. It is increasingly understood that many nonsyndromic OFCs are a consequence of extrinsic factors, genetic susceptibilities, and interactions of the two. Therefore, understanding the environmental mechanisms of OFCs is important in the prevention of future cases. This review examines the molecular mechanisms associated with environmental factors that either protect against or increase the risk of OFCs. We focus on essential metabolic pathways, environmental signaling mechanisms, detoxification pathways, behavioral risk factors, and biological hazards that may disrupt orofacial development.

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