Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses

Hilderbran, A.C.; Breuhaus, Babetta A.; Refsal, Kent R.

doi:10.1111/jvim.12274

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The selected reference interval for TT4 was 14.16 -46.33 nmol/L, which is comparable to the range reported by several authors (Morris & García 1985;Meredith & Dobrinski 2004;Breuhaus et al 2006;Graves et al 2006;Kheirkhah & Hassanpour 2013;Mendoza et al 2013;Hilderbran et al 2014). In addition, the selected reference interval for FT4 was 3.60 -16.09 pmol/L (Breuhaus et al 2006;Graves et al 2006;Mendoza et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The measurement of these hormonal levels is important in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders and their relationship with other alterations in hematological and biochemical states (Eshratkhah et al 2010). Even though thyroid gland dysfunction is fairly uncommon in adult horses, some clinicians consider important to exclude thyroid malfunction as a main cause of clinical manifestations (Hilderbran et al 2014). In addition, hypothyroidism in horses has been related to conditions such as laminitis, poor reproduction performance, and chronic myositis (Breuhaus et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equine thyroid gland diseases are reported as rare conditions (Hilderbran et al 2014). However, some authors and clinicians consider that thyroid gland dysfunction in horses could often be misdiagnosed due to a poor understanding of equine thyroid physiology and because reference intervals for thyroid hormones differ considerably among laboratories and measurement techniques (Mendoza et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Suárez-Esquivel¹,

Castro-Ramírez²

2016

Ciencias Veterinarias

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Measurement of thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses withan automated immunoassay analyzer Abstract: Even though thyroid gland diseases are unusual in horses, it is important to have a reference interval for thyroid hormones in this species at every veterinary endocrine laboratory. In addition, cortisol and thyroid hormone measurement is useful in horses, not only for disease diagnosis, but as a tool for monitoring and researching performance and metabolic rate.The objectives of this study included (i) to test the capacity of the automated analyzer AIA 360® (TOSOH Bioscience) to measure thyroid hormones and cortisol in equine serum in a reliable way, and (ii) to establish a reference interval for thyroid hormones in Costa Rican horses using the AIA-360®.A total of 68 healthy and treatment free horses (31 males and 37 females) were sampled. Horses were grouped into three different categories according to their ages. Serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and cortisol were quantified with the AIA-360®. Statistic relationships of hormonal values, gender and age were determined using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Wilcoxon (U Man-Whitney) tests. P <0.05 was considered significant.Selected reference intervals were: TT4 14.16 -46.33 nmol/L, FT4 3.60 -16.09 pmol/L and cortisol 23.45 -166.64 nmol/L. No statistically significant relationship was found between gender, age, and hormone values. Besides, significant relationships (p<0.05) were found between hormone levels and some environmental parameters. Animals living at higher altitudes showed higher cortisol levels, while cortisol decreases as the environmental temperature rises. Moreover, the FT4 levels are higher as precipitation increases. Finally, TT4 seems to be lower as day light length increases; however, no statistical relationship was found (p<0.30). Our results show that the use of the automated analyzer AIA-360® is suitable to measure thyroid hormones and cortisol, and that the values found are comparable with other studies and analysis techniques.Keywords: horses, thyroid hormones, cortisol, reference interval, AIA-360®Resumen: A pesar de que las enfermedades tiroideas son poco comunes en equinos, es importante contar con un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en cualquier laboratorio de endocrinología veterinaria. Asimismo, la medición de cortisol y hormonas tiroideas es útil en caballos, no solamente en el diagnóstico de enfermedades, sino que, ambos tipos de hormonas, son utilizadas como herramientas para monitorización e investigación del desempeño físico y la tasa metabólica. Los objetivos de este estudio son: (i) probar la capacidad del analizador automatizado AIA 360® (TOSOH Bioscience) para la medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en suero equino de forma confiable y; (ii) establecer un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en caballos costarricenses utilizando el AIA -360®.Se muestreó 68 caballos saludables, libres de medicación (31 machos y 37 hembras) y se agruparon en tres categorías, con base e...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Suárez-Esquivel¹,

Castro-Ramírez²

2016

Ciencias Veterinarias

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“…This study provides further evidence of NTIS in both term and premature foals that are ill. NTIS has been well described in humans, dogs, and cats suffering from systemic diseases, and it has been described preliminarily in adult horses19, 20 and foals 9, 10, 15. TT3 concentration decreases even in mild disease, with or without decreased fT3 concentration, followed by decreased TT4 concentration as disease severity increases 32, 33, 34.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum concentrations of TT3,17 fT3,4 , 18 TT4,5 , 19 fT4D,6 , 20 and TSH21 were measured by radioimmunoassay, either with commercially available kits4 , 5 , 6 or as previously described and validated in the horse 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. The TT3 assay sensitivity was 0.3 nmol/L; normal reference range in adult euthyroid horses, 0.7–2.5 nmol/L.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Function and Dysfunction in Term and Premature Equine Neonates

Breuhaus

2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThis study was performed to compare thyroid function of premature foals to term foals.HypothesisPremature foals are more markedly hypothyroxinemic than expected for their severity of illness alone.AnimalsTwenty clinically normal term foals; 28 sick, hospitalized term foals; 24 sick, hospitalized premature foals.MethodsThyroid hormones (TH) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured, both at rest and in response to thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH), in the 3 groups of foals. Clinical and clinicopathologic data were recorded.ResultsNormal foals had high TH at birth, which decreased over the first month into the normal reference range for adult horses. TSH was within the normal adult reference range soon after birth, and did not change over time. At 24–36 hours of age, triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly lower in both premature and term hospitalized foals compared to normal foals; premature foals were not different from term hospitalized foals. Thyroxine (T4) was not different between normal and term hospitalized foals, but was significantly lower than in premature foals of both of these groups. TSH was not different among the 3 groups. TRH stimulation tests identified significant differences in T4 among all 3 groups of foals, whereas T3 was similar in premature and term hospitalized foals and different from normal foals. TSH response to TRH was significantly higher in premature foals compared to normal foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis is different in foals compared to adult horses. Sick foals exhibit nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Premature foals are more markedly hypothyroxinemic than can be accounted for by their severity of illness alone.

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Endocrine and Metabolic Evaluation in Horses with Laminitis

Toribio¹,

Burns²

2016

Equine Laminitis

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Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Adult Horses

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Thyroid Function and Dysfunction in Term and Premature Equine Neonates

Endocrine and Metabolic Evaluation in Horses with Laminitis

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