Nontyphoid Salmonella Infection: Microbiology, Clinical Features, and Antimicrobial Therapy

Chen, Hung-Ming; Wang, Yue; Su, Lin‐Hui; Chiu, Cheng-Hsun

doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.01.010

Cited by 244 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Since resistance to older antibiotics (e.g. ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole) has been increasing for many years, recommended treatment options for salmonellosis included fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins [82,83]. However, resistance to those 'critically important antibiotics for human health' is emerging, leading to increased severity, morbidity and mortality of diseases and the need for the use of last-line antimicrobials in therapy [84].…”

Section: Multidrug-resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Bharmoria¹

2017

IJVR

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Salmonella typhi is the causal organism for the typhoid fever. Typhoid disease is a problem in those developing countries where lack of sanitation, poor water supplies and exposure to unhygienic and polluted environment is a part of routine life of majority of population. Salmonella typhi expresses various virulence antigens like H-antigens, O-antigens and Vi antigens which plays vital role in the infection and pathogenesis of the bacteria. Salmonella typhi causes fever, nausea, headache, body fatigue and bowel related complications in the patients. This disease had been diagnosed by culture method, Widal test for past several decades. These diagnostic techniques are being replaced by the modern assays like ELISA, Dot blot ELISA, DipStick Assays, RT-PCR and other molecular assays. The evolution in diagnostic assays had occurred as the antibiotic resistance in the Salmonella typhi had shown an increase. The Salmonella typhi had been evolved into a multidrug resistant bacteria which need to be timely diagnosed to start the appropriate and correct treatment of typhoid to prevent further complications. This article imparts a brief glimpse on Salmonella typhi, typhoid fever and diagnostic assays available at clinical laboratories. There is a need to focus on the correct and rapid diagnostic methods which should be modified and made accessible to the clinical diagnostic laboratories.

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Section: Multidrug-resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, typhoid income countries such as in the Asiatic continent, resistance to ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins is currently a growing problem, with poultry products playing a potential role in its emergence [83,84].…”

Section: Burden Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Bharmoria¹

2017

IJVR

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“…Antibiotic treatment is generally ineffective at reducing the impact of Salmonella infection, and vaccines that are effective and economically viable are still in development 25 host cell. Given that type-three secretion mutants are significantly attenuated during infection, it stands to reason that interfering with effector translocation represents a viable opportunity for developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.…”

Section: Directions and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella in Australia: understanding and controlling infection

Newson¹

2017

Microbiol. Aust.

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The bacterium Salmonella causes a spectrum of foodborne diseases ranging from acute gastroenteritis to systemic infections, and represents a significant burden of disease globally. In Australia, Salmonella is frequently associated with outbreaks and is a leading cause of foodborne illness, which results in a significant medical and economic burden. Salmonella infection involves colonisation of the small intestine, where the bacteria invades host cells and establishes an intracellular infection. To survive within host cells, Salmonella employs type-three secretion systems to deliver bacterial effector proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells. These bacterial effectors seek out and modify specific host proteins, disrupting host processes such as cell signalling, intracellular trafficking, and programmed cell death. This strategy of impairing host cells allows Salmonella to establish a replicative niche within the cell, where they can replicate to high numbers before escaping to infect neighbouring cells, or be transmitted to new hosts. While the importance of effector protein translocation to infection is well established, our understanding of many effector proteins remains incomplete. Many Salmonella effectors have unknown function and unknown roles during infection. A greater understanding of how Salmonella manipulates host cells during infection will lead to improved strategies to prevent, control, and eliminate disease. Further, studying effector proteins can be a useful means for exploring host cell biology and elucidating the details of host cell signalling.

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“…Antibiotics are not recommended for uncomplicated cases of Salmonella-mediated enterocolitis but are used to treat the very young or elderly or when there are complications or invasive disease. However, multiple drug resistance is prevalent and increasing (15,23). Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for the gastrointestinal salmonelloses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Attenuated but Metabolically Competent Salmonella as a Probiotic To Prevent or Treat Salmonella Infection

et al. 2016

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Salmonella enterica is among the most burdensome of foodborne disease agents. There are over 2,600 serovars that cause a range of disease manifestations ranging from enterocolitis to typhoid fever. While there are two vaccines in use in humans to protect against typhoid fever, there are none that prevent enterocolitis. If vaccines preventing enterocolitis were to be developed, they would likely protect against only one or a few serovars. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that probiotic organisms could compete for the preferred nutrient sources of Salmonella and thus prevent or treat infection. To this end, we added the fra locus, which encodes a utilization pathway for the Salmonella-specific nutrient source fructose-asparagine (F-Asn), to the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Nissle) to increase its ability to compete with Salmonella in mouse models. We also tested a metabolically competent, but avirulent, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant for its ability to compete with wild-type Salmonella. The modified Nissle strain became more virulent and less able to protect against Salmonella in some instances. On the other hand, the modified Salmonella strain was safe and effective in preventing infection with wild-type Salmonella. While we tested for efficacy only against Salmonella Typhimurium, the modified Salmonella strain may be able to compete metabolically with most, if not all, Salmonella serovars, representing a novel approach to control of this pathogen.

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Nontyphoid Salmonella Infection: Microbiology, Clinical Features, and Antimicrobial Therapy

Cited by 244 publications

References 36 publications

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Typhoid Fever as a Challenge for Developing Countries and Elusive Diagnostic Approaches Available for the Enteric Fever

Salmonella in Australia: understanding and controlling infection

Use of Attenuated but Metabolically Competent Salmonella as a Probiotic To Prevent or Treat Salmonella Infection

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