Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia and Pneumonia as the Initial Manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Four-Year-Old Child

Eaton, Edward E.; Dobrozycski, Joanna; Loas, Rosa; Laddis, Dimitri; Fennelly, Glenn J.

doi:10.1089/10872910260066679

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…also established the presence of non-typhoid Salmonellae, Pseudomonas sp., and one fungus in 68 blood samples from HIV-infected patients with bloodstream infections ( 11 ). An increase in the frequency and severity of non-typhoid Salmonella has been reported with AIDS, and infections often present as recurrent diarrhoea with relapsing bacteraemia ( 11 , 12 , 25 ). S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in HIV-infected Adults Attending a Lagos Teaching Hospital

Adeyemi

Sulaiman

Solomon

et al. 2010

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An investigation was carried out during October 2005–September 2006 to determine the prevalence of bloodstream infections in patients attending the outpatient department of the HIV/AIDS clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Two hundred and one patients—86 males and 115 females—aged 14-65 years were recruited for the study. Serological diagnosis was carried out on them to confirm their HIV status. Their CD4 counts were done using the micromagnetic bead method. Twenty mL of venous blood sample collected from each patient was inoculated into a pair of Oxoid Signal blood culture bottles for 2-14 days. Thereafter, 0.1 mL of the sample was plated in duplicates on MacConkey, blood and chocolate agar media and incubated at 37 °C for 18-24 hours. The CD4+ counts were generally low as 67% of 140 patients sampled had <200 cells/μL of blood. Twenty-six bacterial isolates were obtained from the blood samples and comprised 15 (58%) coagulase-negative staphylococci as follows: Staphylococcus epidermidis (7), S. cohnii cohnii (1), S. cohnii urealyticum (2), S. chromogenes (1), S. warneri (2), S. scuri (1), and S. xylosus (1). Others were 6 (23%) Gram-negative non-typhoid Salmonella spp., S. Typhimurium (4), S. Enteritidis (2); Pseudomonas fluorescens (1), Escherichia coli (1), Ochrobactrum anthropi (1), Moraxella sp. (1), and Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that coagulase-negative staphylococci had good sensitivities to vancomycin and most other antibiotics screened but were resistant mainly to ampicilin and tetracycline. The Gram-negative organisms isolated also showed resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and septrin. This study demonstrates that co-agulase-negative staphylococci and non-typhoidal Salmonellae are the most common aetiological agents of bacteraemia among HIV-infected adults attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The organisms were resistant to older-generation antibiotics often prescribed in this environment but were sensitive to vancomycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and other new-generation antibiotics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in HIV-infected Adults Attending a Lagos Teaching Hospital

Adeyemi

Sulaiman

Solomon

et al. 2010

J Health Popul Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Een kind met een gecompliceerde non-tyfoïde salmonella-enteritis na vakantie

Loon¹,

Sas²,

Niezen³

et al. 2007

KIND

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary An eighteen-month-old boy presented with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and a cramping abdominal pain after visiting his family in Suriname. Salmonella typhimurium was cultured from his blood. At presentation the patient also had a necrotising pneumonia, presumably a complication of salmonella sepsis. Nontyphoidal salmonella bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium are a common cause of gastrointestinal infections in both developed and developing countries. Extra-intestinal complications are rare and occur mostly in immunocompromised patients. Sanitary and hygiene measures and avoidance of contaminated food and drinks remain the cornerstone in the prevention of salmonella infections. Samenvatting Een anderhalf jaar oude jongen presenteerde zich na familiebezoek in Suriname met koorts, braken, diarree en krampende buikpijn. Er werd een Salmonella typhimurium gekweekt uit het bloed. Patie¨nt bleek bij presentatie tevens een necrotiserende pneumonie te hebben ontwikkeld als complicatie van de salmonellasepsis. Non-tyfoı¨de salmonellabacterie¨n, zoals Salmonella typhimurium, zijn ook in westerse landen veelvoorkomende verwekkers van gastro-enteritis. Extraintestinale complicaties worden echter zelden gezien en komen vrijwel uitsluitend voor bij immuungecompromitteerde patie¨nten. Goede hygie¨ne, het drinken van gezuiverd water en het vermijden van potentieel besmette voedingsmiddelen vormen de belangrijkste onderdelen van preventie van een salmonella-infectie. InleidingDe salmonellabacterie is een gramnegatieve bacterie, die een infectie kan veroorzaken met vooral gastro-intestinale verschijnselen. Er zijn verschillende groepen salmonellabacterie¨n. De meest beruchte, Salmonella typhi, komt vooral in niet-westerse landen voor met sterftecijfers oplopend van 1,5% tot 30% in endemische gebieden. [1][2][3] In Nederland worden per jaar minder dan honderd gevallen van Salmonella typhi gemeld. 4,5 In tegenstelling tot Salmonella typhi worden infecties met non-tyfoı¨de salmonellabacterie¨n in Nederland veel vaker gezien. Deze hebben in de meeste gevallen een veel minder invasief beloop dan infecties met Salmonella typhi. Een feceskweek wordt vaak niet verricht, waardoor er een onderrapportage van het aantal ziektegevallen bestaat. In Nederland wordt de incidentie geschat op 50.000 ziektegevallen per jaar. 6De verschillende soorten non-tyfoı¨de salmonellabacterie¨n geven meestal dezelfde verschijnselen: hoge koorts, braken, diarree en krampende buikpijn. De infectie kan zich ook presenteren met extra-intestinale symptomen. Dit wordt vrijwel uitsluitend gezien bij immuungecompromitteerde patie¨nten 2 en dat maakt het vaak een lastig te stellen diagnose. Onderstaande casus illustreert de symptomatologie en een extra-intestinale complicatie M. van Loon, en, (*) Mw. M.

show abstract

Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused in an Immunocompetent Patient by the Emergent Monophasic ST34 Variant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Treatment-Associated Selection of Fluoroquinolone and Piperacillin/Tazobactam Resistance

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present report describes an uncommon case of nosocomial pneumonia caused by Salmonellaenterica in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was admitted to ICU of a tertiary hospital due to low level of consciousness, aphasia and seizure episodes. Four days after hospitalization, he developed nosocomial pneumonia, which evolved into septic shock. Gram-negative bacilli were recovered from blood, tracheal aspirate and fecal samples of the patient. The isolates, which were identified as Salmonella enterica, proved to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam. Four months before, the same bacterial species was recovered from feces and blood cultures of the patient, admitted to the nephrology ward of the same hospital with diagnosis of gastroenteritis and acute renal failure. However, at that time, the isolates were susceptible to the above-mentioned antibiotics. Genome sequencing revealed that all isolates were closely related and belonged to the emergent ST34 monophasic variant of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Since the patient has received therapy with fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, these results support treatment-associated selection of the acquired resistances. In conclusion, this case represents a paradigm of selective pressure leading to in vivo development of resistance to highly relevant antibiotics, including the piperacillin/tazobactam combination used for empirical management of severe infections at ICU.

show abstract

Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia and Pneumonia as the Initial Manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Four-Year-Old Child

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in HIV-infected Adults Attending a Lagos Teaching Hospital

Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in HIV-infected Adults Attending a Lagos Teaching Hospital

Een kind met een gecompliceerde non-tyfoïde salmonella-enteritis na vakantie

Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused in an Immunocompetent Patient by the Emergent Monophasic ST34 Variant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Treatment-Associated Selection of Fluoroquinolone and Piperacillin/Tazobactam Resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About