Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors

Burgoon, Judee K.; Hale, Jerold L.

doi:10.1080/03637758809376158

Cited by 608 publications

(474 citation statements)

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“…For those participants who held these expectations, the emotionally expressive victim was assessed as more credible compared to the non-emotionally expressive victim (see also Hackett, Day, & Mohr, 2008;Klippenstein & Schuller, 2012). These findings are explained via Expectancy Violation Theory (see Burgoon & Hale, 1988;White, 2008). This theory suggests that it is not the actual behaviour of the rape victim that affects the assessment of credibility, rather it is whether this behaviour corresponds with the observers' expectations of that behaviour (Hackett et al, 2008;Olson, Roese, & Zanna, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectations about victim and offender behaviour during stranger rape

sleath

Woodhams

2014

Psychology, Crime & Law

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectations about victim and offender behaviour during stranger rape

sleath

Woodhams

2014

Psychology, Crime & Law

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“…Seminal scholarship on expectancy violations focused on the communication outcomes that emerged after expectations were violated especially within the contexts of proxemics and nonverbal communication (e.g., Burgoon & Aho, 1982;Burgoon & Hale, 1988;Burgoon & Jones, 1976). The theory has since been applied to a number of wide-ranging contexts like the intersection of culture and sports in which research by Dix (2016) found that normal expectancies associated with African American misbehavior were violated in reporting the unanticipated finding that Caucasian athletes who were accused of using performance-enhancing drugs were actually perceived as less intelligent than African American athletes who were accused of using performance-enhancing drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Dix¹

2017

IntJSCS

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The central objective of this investigation was to examine within game penalties that were levied against football programs from historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States. Previous scholarship that sets an appropriate background on sports science and culture has revealed that referee bias has occurred in many European sports. It was in the methods section of this scholarship that statistical analyses were discussed in terms of game day penalties that occurred within the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) from the 2006 through the 2015 season. The results illustrated that referees penalized football teams from historically black college and universities (HBCUs) significantly more than football teams from predominantly white institutions (PWIs). An interpretation of this quantitative data was subsequently completed and Expectancy Violations Theory (EVT) was appropriately spotlighted in the discussion section of this study in an effort to assign meaning to the analytics of interest.

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“…As with other turning points, those in our study were often valenced by the participants (for a related discussion of nonverbal cues and valence, see Expectancy Violations Theory, Burgoon & Hale, 1988). Negatively valenced turning points were correlated with seeing another person as having more negative attributes, as changing a relationship from one that was close to one that was not, and altering the mood that people were in, among other things.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

When a Small Thing Means so Much: Nonverbal Cues as Turning Points in Relationships

Docan-Morgan

Manusov

Harvey

2013

IJPR

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This paper investigates reports of transformative nonverbal behaviors: cues that act as important interactional triggers for a change in or between people in a relationship. To explore such behaviors, we asked participants to report on any situation in which they recalled one or more nonverbal cues that they or others used and that changed something for them. The most commonly reported nonverbal cues that instigated transformation were facial expressions, eye behavior, touch, and the use of personal space. Vocal cues (particularly silence), gestures and other kinesic cues (e.g., walking away), use of time, and attire were also mentioned. Using the constant comparative approach, we found four large categories of changes the participants reported as resulting from these nonverbal cues and provide examples of these change types from our data corpus. We labeled these "relational," "perceptual," "affective," and "behavior". Our analyses revealed that judgments of the behavior/event's valence correlated positively with judgments of their relationship, the other person, and themselves, suggesting that the affective judgment of a nonverbal turning point event may have strong implications for other important judgments. Vocal cues seemed to be involved in events that were labeled more negatively, and touch was a cue in events labeled more positively. Finally, eye behaviors were consistently a part of events that were reported to result in changes in perception.

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Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors

Cited by 608 publications

References 41 publications

Expectations about victim and offender behaviour during stranger rape

Expectations about victim and offender behaviour during stranger rape

A Decade of Referee Bias against College Football Programs from Historically Black Colleges and Universities

When a Small Thing Means so Much: Nonverbal Cues as Turning Points in Relationships

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