Noradrenaline and nitrite‐nitrate concentrations in the contralateral testes during ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion in the presence or absence of a testis and epididymis

Abstract

Objective To determine the changes occurring during diCerences in content between groups 1 and 3, 1 and 4, and 2 and 4. The content in group 4 was ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion either in the presence or absence of the ipsilateral testis and epididymis, by significantly less than that in group 3. There were no significant diCerences in nitrite-nitrate contents evaluating noradrenaline and nitrite-nitrate concentrations in the contralateral testes.among any of the groups. Conclusion Spermatic cord torsion for 24 h, either in the Materials and methods Forty male albino rats were allocated randomly to one of four equal groups underpresence or absence of a testis and epididymis, significantly decreased the noradrenaline content in the going: group 1, a sham operation; group 2, ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion; group 3, epididymocontralateral testis. This finding supports the suggestion that the sympathetic system is activated by expoorchidectomy only; and group 4, spermatic cord torsion after epididymo-orchidectomy. The contralateral sure to noradrenaline in the contralateral testis during ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion, with no dependency testes were harvested after 24 h and the noradrenaline and nitrite-nitrate contents determined. The levels in on the presence of a testis and epididymis. As the nitrite-nitrate concentrations were unaCected, nitric each group were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.oxide seems to have no role in contralateral testicular deterioration. Results The noradrenaline content of testes from group 2 was significantly lower than in those of Keywords Spermatic cord torsion, contralateral testicular damage, catecholamines, nitric oxide groups 1 and 3, but there were no significant rated within 24 h of ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion,

Capsaicin in Albino Rats Prevents Contralateral Testis from the Damaging Effects Posed by Ipsilateral Testis That Underwent Torsion

“…It is also reported that CGRP may regulate the electrolyte and fluid secretion in the epididymis, thereby providing an optimal microenvironment for the maturation and storage of the spermatozoa [27]. CGRP further inhibits the release of norepinephrine [28]which was previously reported to be released in excessive amounts in contralateral testis during unilateral testicular torsion [29]. The administration of capsaicin may have further released CGRP and caused dilatation of the vessels thus contributed to the preservation of blood flow to the contralateral testis.…”

Histopathological examination of both ipsilateral and contralateral testes with different obstructive models in prepubertal and adult rats

“…Auto‐immunization was proposed as the mechanism of contralateral testicular injury [2], but increased levels of tissue hypoxia products such as lactic acid and hypoxanthine suggest a reflexive decrease in contralateral testicular blood flow by a neurovascular stimulus triggered by an ipsilateral testicular injury [3,4]. Currently the probable mechanism of contralateral injury is accepted as a vasospasm through a sympathetic reflex arc, and hypoxia may be the reason for contralateral injury after unilateral testicular obstruction [5].…”

Effects of Acute Epididymitis on Blood Plasma Oxidative and Antioxidative Status in an Experimental Rat Model

“…The most popular theory proposed to explain the contralateral testicular damage has been the autoimmune response [18] . But the deterioration of the contralateral testis within 24 h of spermatic cord torsion, even in the absence of ipsilateral testis and epididymis makes the role of autoimmunity obscure [19][20][21] . Experimental models of unilateral testicular damage have resulted in decreased blood flow and an increase in the biochemical indicators of tissue hypoxia within the contralateral testis [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , and the sympathetic nervous system is activated by exposure to noradrenaline in the contralateral testis during ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion [21] .…”

“…But the deterioration of the contralateral testis within 24 h of spermatic cord torsion, even in the absence of ipsilateral testis and epididymis makes the role of autoimmunity obscure [19][20][21] . Experimental models of unilateral testicular damage have resulted in decreased blood flow and an increase in the biochemical indicators of tissue hypoxia within the contralateral testis [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , and the sympathetic nervous system is activated by exposure to noradrenaline in the contralateral testis during ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion [21] . It is suggested that oxidative and antioxidative systems can be activated by the pathway of contralateral testicular deterioration [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , and this study can also help explain how epididymitis affects the contralateral testis, and why unilateral infection causes infertility.…”