Norfloxacin dihydrate

Abstract

The antibiotic norfloxacin recrystallizes from acetonitrile as a dihydrate with the norfloxacin molecule in a zwitterionic form, i.e. 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazin-4-io)-3-quinolinecarboxylate dihydrate, C(16)H(18)FN(3)O(3).2H(2)O.

Hydration-Induced Proton Transfer in the Solid State of Norfloxacin

“…In this study, water molecules not only induced the proton transfer reaction between norfloxacin molecules in the solid state, but also changed the solid character from a neutral state to ionic state to make a higher dissolution rate of norfloxacin after hydration 8. Florence et al25 have proved that only one water molecule interacted deeply with norfloxacin in the X‐ray data of norfloxacin dihydrate, but another water molecule had moderate hydrogen bonding with the first water molecule and little interaction with norfloxacin molecules. This was consistent with our conclusion that only the unit of bound water participated in this proton‐transfer reaction.…”

Solid State Interconversion Between Anhydrous Norfloxacin and Its Hydrates

“…Meanwhile, amorphous state was also generated and characterized 2. Moreover, at least six hydrate forms of NF were reported but not characterized for its complete interconversion, that is, hemihydrate, sesquihydrate, dihydrate, trihydrate, hemipentahydrate, and pentahydrate 4–9. Variable‐temperature Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) is used to monitor the transformation between anhydrous and hydrate forms 10.…”

Dynamic mechanical analysis and crystalline analysis of hemp fiber reinforced cellulose filled epoxy composite

“…In setting up the specimen and apparatus, co planarity of the specimen surface with the specimen holder surface, and the setting of the specimen holder at the position of symmetric reflection geometry were ensured. The powders were passed through a 100 mesh sieve and were placed into the sample holder by the side drift technique [39] . The holder consisted of a central cavity.…”