Normal development of pattern motion sensitivity in macaque monkeys

Hall-Haro, Cynthia; Kiorpes, Lynne

doi:10.1017/s0952523808080802

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Behavioral methods were similar to those described elsewhere (Hall-Haro & Kiorpes, 2008; Kiorpes & Movshon, 2004b). All subjects were tested binocularly in a darkened room using a spatial two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensitivity to global form and motion in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)

et al. 2012

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To explore the relative development of the dorsal and ventral extrastriate processing streams, we studied the development of sensitivity to form and motion in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). We used Glass patterns and random dot kinematograms (RDK) to assay ventral and dorsal stream function, respectively. We tested 24 animals, longitudinally or cross-sectionally, between the ages of 5 weeks and 3 years. Each animal was tested with Glass patterns and RDK stimuli with each of two pattern types – circular and linear – at each age using a two alternative forced-choice task. We measured coherence threshold for discrimination of the global form or motion pattern from an incoherent control stimulus. Sensitivity to global motion appeared earlier than to global form and was higher at all ages, but performance approached adult levels at similar ages. Infants were most sensitive to large spatial scale (Δx) and fast speeds; sensitivity to fine scale and slow speeds developed more slowly independently of pattern type. Within the motion domain, pattern type had little effect on overall performance. However, within the form domain, sensitivity for linear Glass patterns was substantially poorer than that for concentric patterns. Our data show comparatively early onset for global motion integration ability, perhaps reflecting early development of the dorsal stream. However, both pathways mature over long time courses reaching adult levels between two and three years after birth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensitivity to global form and motion in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)

et al. 2012

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“…Detection of coherent motion occurs ϳ2 weeks of age, perception of moving plaid patterns starts only at ϳ3 months of life. Both improve significantly over the first year of life (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004;Hall-Haro and Kiorpes, 2008).…”

Section: Maturation Of Okr Compared With Other Visual Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human and macaque infants perception of simple motion is present early after birth (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004). Perception of coherent motion and pattern motion develops later, i.e., ϳ7 weeks of age and matures through the first year of life in humans Mason et al, 2003), and between 10 and 18 weeks in macaques (Hall-Haro and Kiorpes, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

Distler

Hoffmann²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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The horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (hOKN) in primates is immature at birth. To elucidate the early functional state of the visual pathway for hOKN, retinal slip neurons were recorded in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN) of 4 anesthetized infant macaques. These neurons were direction selective for ipsiversive stimulus movement shortly after birth [postnatal day 9 (P9)], although at a lower direction selectivity index (DSI). The DSI in the older infants (P12, P14, P60) was not different from adults. A total of 96% of NOT-DTN neurons in P9, P12, and P14 were binocular, however, significantly more often dominated by the contralateral eye than in adults. Already in the youngest animals, NOT-DTN neurons were well tuned to different stimulus velocities; however, tuning was truncated toward lower stimulus velocities when compared with adults.As early as at P12, electrical stimulation in V1 elicited orthodromic responses in the NOT-DTN. However, the incidence of activated neurons was much lower in infants (40 -60% of the tested NOT-DTN neurons) than in adults (97%). Orthodromic latencies from V1 were significantly longer in P12-P14 (x ϭ 12.2 Ϯ 8.9 ms) than in adults (x ϭ 3.51 Ϯ 0.81 ms). At the same age, electrical stimulation in motion-sensitive area MT was more efficient in activating NOT-DTN neurons (80% of the tested cells) and yielded shorter latencies than in V1 (x ϭ 7.8 Ϯ 3.02 ms; adult x ϭ 2.99 Ϯ 0.85 ms).The differences in discharge rate between neurons in the NOT-DTN contra-and ipsilateral to the stimulated eye are equivalent to the gain asymmetry between monocularly elicited OKN in temporonasal and nasotemporal direction at the various ages.

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“…Testing procedures and stimulus generation methods were typical for the laboratory (see Kiorpes & Movshon, 1998; Kiorpes & Bassin, 2003; Stavros & Kiorpes, 2008; Hall-Haro & Kiorpes, 2008; El-Shamayleh, Movshon & Kiorpes, 2010; Kiorpes et al, 2012). Briefly, visual stimuli were generated by a Dell PC via a VSG2/3 video card (Cambridge Research Systems) and presented on a 21-inch video monitor (Nanao T660i).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking structure and function: Development of lateral spatial interactions in macaque monkeys

Hagan

Kiorpes

2013

Vis Neurosci

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Lateral spatial interactions among elements of a scene, which either enhance or degrade visual performance, are ubiquitous in vision. The neural mechanisms underlying lateral spatial interactions are a matter of debate, and various hypotheses have been proposed. Suppressive effects may be due to local inhibitory interactions, while facilitatory effects are typically ascribed either to the function of long-range horizontal projections in V1 or to uncertainty reduction. We investigated the development of lateral spatial interactions, facilitation and suppression, and compared their developmental profiles to those of potential underlying mechanisms in the visual system of infant macaques. Animals ranging in age from 10 weeks to 3 years were tested with a lateral masking paradigm. We found that suppressive interactions are present from very early in postnatal life, showing no change over the age range tested. However, facilitation develops slowly over the first year after birth. Our data suggest that the early maturation of suppressive interactions is related to the relatively mature receptive field properties of neurons in early visual cortical areas near birth in infant macaques, while the later maturation of facilitation is unlikely to be explained by development of local or long-range connectivity in primary visual cortex. Instead our data favor a late developing feedback or top-down cognitive process to explain the origin of facilitation.

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Normal development of pattern motion sensitivity in macaque monkeys

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Development of sensitivity to global form and motion in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)

Development of sensitivity to global form and motion in macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

Linking structure and function: Development of lateral spatial interactions in macaque monkeys

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