Normal lower limb venous Doppler flow phasicity: is it cardiac or respiratory?

Abu‐Yousef, Monzer M.; Mufid, M; Woods, Kathleen; Brown, Bruce P.; Barloon, Thomas J.

doi:10.2214/ajr.169.6.9393197

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Additionally, the duration of the examination, 1.5 h, may not have been sufficient to observe leg swelling and edema, a problem when traveling for ‡2 h with the risk rising exponentially with increasing time of travel [21]. Blood flow in the popliteal vein varies between individuals and differs in a single person [25] over time because of body position, breathing and the cardiac cycle [26]; therefore, reproducibility of velocity results will not be precise [17]. Reports have shown that a coefficient of variation of <20% is acceptable [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leg exercises on popliteal venous blood flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects: implications for prevention of travel‐related deep vein thrombosis

Hitos

Cannon²,

Cannon³

et al. 2007

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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To cite this article: Hitos K, Cannon M, Cannon S, Garth S, Fletcher JP. Effect of leg exercises on popliteal venous blood flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects: implications for prevention of travel-related deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 1890-5.Summary. Background: Venous stasis is an important contributing factor in the development of travel-related deep vein thrombosis. This study examined factors affecting popliteal venous blood flow in order to determine the most effective exercise regimen to prevent venous stasis. Methods: Twentyone healthy subjects were randomly assigned to various activities over a 9-week period. Subjects remained seated throughout the investigation and 3660 duplex ultrasound examinations were performed by a single examiner using a SonoSite 180 Plus handheld ultrasound. Baseline popliteal vein blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area and volume flow in subjects sitting motionless were assessed in the first 3 weeks.The remaining 6 weeks involved subjects performing airline-recommended activities, foot exercises, foot exercises against moderate resistance and foot exercises against increased resistance in order to determine the most beneficial method for enhancing popliteal venous flow. Sitting with feet not touching the floor and the effect of sleeping were also assessed. Results: The median age of the subjects was 22 years (range: 18-25.5 years), height 171 cm (162.5-180.5 cm) and body mass index 25.3 kg m -2 (23.2-26.3 kg m -2). Blood volume flow in the popliteal vein was reduced by almost 40% with immobility of seated subjects and by almost 2-fold when sitting motionless with feet not touching the floor. Foot exercises against increased resistance positively enhanced volume flow (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Leg exercise regimens enhanced popliteal venous flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects, reinforcing the importance of regular leg movement to prevent venous stasis during prolonged sitting, such as in longdistance travel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of leg exercises on popliteal venous blood flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects: implications for prevention of travel‐related deep vein thrombosis

Hitos

Cannon²,

Cannon³

et al. 2007

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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“…24 The pattern of flow will change according to the particular physiology and body position at the time, with breathing and the cardiac cycle modulating the flow to differing extents. 25 Moreover, venous blood pressure will change; therefore, the reproducibility of the velocity results from a particular pump in a particular individual over time will not be perfect.…”

Section: What Effect Do Intermittent Compression Systems Have On Venomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Compression

2004

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“…Eight of the 13 abnormal VUS findings described in the literature were detected. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Abnormal VUS waveforms were found in 84 patients (45.9%), 54 (40.6%) of whom were in group I and 30 (60%) of whom were in group II. Within group I, there was a larger number of abnormal findings among patients for whom tests for a range of different pathologies had already been requested (63.6%) than among those patients who had been invited to take part at the clinic (36.36%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following cardiac-induced changes to peripheral VUS waveforms are described in the literature: arrhythmia 2,6,7 ( Figures 1, 2 and 3), pulsatile waves in the common femoral and popliteal veins 2,8 (Figure 4), systolic pulsus bisferiens 6,[9][10][11] (Figures 3 and 5), low peak systolic velocity, 1 bradycardia 2 ( Figure 5), tachycardia, 2 pulsus alternans, 12 pulsus tardus et parvus, [11][12][13] water hammer pulse, 9 systolic spike and dome, 13 elevated peak systolic velocity caused by high cardiac output, 10 pulsus paradoxus, 14 and waves caused by cardiac assistance devices. 11,12,15 The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of these spectral changes in VUS waveforms from elderly patients who underwent vascular arterial and/or venous echography and to analyze the degree of agreement between these findings and cardiological examinations and diagnoses.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 98%

Avaliação da influência de alterações cardíacas na ultrassonografia vascular periférica de idosos

Ribeiro¹,

Ribeiro²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2016

J. vasc. bras.

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Background: Heart diseases can cause changes to vascular ultrasonography (VUS) waveforms in peripheral vessels. These changes are typically bilateral and systemic, they have been little studied, and little is known about them. Objective: To assess peripheral VUS waveforms in elderly patients in order to identify changes caused by heart diseases. Methods: During 2014, a total of 183 elderly patients were examined with peripheral VUS and the results were analyzed. Results: The sample comprised 102 women (55.7%) and 81 men (44.3%) with ages ranging from 60 to 91 years (mean of 70.4±7.2 years). Abnormalities were identified in VUS waveforms in 84 patients (45.9%). A total of 138 abnormalities were identified and classified into eight of the 13 categories described in the literature, as follows: arrhythmia, systolic pulsus bisferiens, low peak systolic velocity, pulsatile flow in femoral veins, bradycardia, tachycardia, pulsus tardus et parvus and pulsus alternans. There was low agreement between presence/absence of VUS abnormalities and cardiological assessments. Analysis of specific abnormalities revealed variable levels of agreement between VUS and cardiological assessments, ranging from good for tachycardia, moderate for arrhythmia, to low for bradycardia. There was no agreement between VUS and cardiological examinations for the remaining categories of abnormalities. Conclusions: Certain cardiac abnormalities can be identified in elderly patients by analysis of peripheral VUS waveforms. It is important to recognize and report the presence of these abnormalities because there is a possibility that they may serve to signal hitherto unidentified diagnoses in these patients. However, further studies are needed to determine the importance of changes to peripheral Doppler waveforms to recognition of heart diseases.

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Normal lower limb venous Doppler flow phasicity: is it cardiac or respiratory?

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of leg exercises on popliteal venous blood flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects: implications for prevention of travel‐related deep vein thrombosis

Effect of leg exercises on popliteal venous blood flow during prolonged immobility of seated subjects: implications for prevention of travel‐related deep vein thrombosis

Evidence-Based Compression

Avaliação da influência de alterações cardíacas na ultrassonografia vascular periférica de idosos

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