Normal Menstruation and Gaseous Metabolism

Benedict, Fräncis G.; Finn, Mary

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1928.86.1.59

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The present study has attempted to quantify and establish the impact of the men-strual cycle on BMR, using daily sequential measurements. The findings confirm the biphasic pattern of BMR reported by the early studies (Snell et al, 1920;Rowe and Eakin, 1921;Hafkesbring and Collett, 1924;Boothby and Sandiford, 1924;Benedict and Finn, 1928;Rogers and Flemming, 1928;Conklin and McClendon, 1930;Sandiford et al, 1931;Wible, 1931;Rubenstein, 1937Rubenstein, , 1938Lockwood and Griffith, 1938;Maxwell and Wakeham, 1945). The present observations are also consistent with previous reports of a drop in BMR with the onset of menstruation and a peak in BMR before the next menstrual period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The level of withinsubject variation of the women in Study 2 is comparable to that observed in men. Examination ofthe CV from previous results (Table 3) shows a high level of intraindividual variation in one study (Hafkesbring and Collett, 19241, but not in the others (Benedict and Finn, 1928;Conklin and McClendon, 1930).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Studies undertaken during the 1920s and 1930s suggest that the menstrual cycle may have a dramatic and consistent effect on the BMR (Hafkesbring and Collett, 1924;Benedict and Finn, 1928;Conklin and McClendon, 1930;Rubenstein, 1938). BMR was observed to drop with the onset of menstruation (the early follicular phase of the cycle) and reach a peak before the onset of the next menstrual period (the late luteal phase).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

Curtis¹,

Henry²,

Birch³

et al. 1996

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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The validity of using the basal metabolic rate (BMR) to calculate a n individual's energy requirements is based upon the assumption that the intraindividual variation in BMR is small, Early studies (pre-1940) on BMR in women had shown that the menstrual cycle may have a profound effect, contributing to high levels of intraindividual variation. To investigate this issue further, and t o explore whether BMR is indeed a biological constant in women, sequential measurements of BMR were made in women over one menstrual cycle. Two independent studies were undertaken in which the BMR of 12 weight-stable women (not taking the contraceptive pill) was measured every day (excluding weekends) for a period of 5 weeks. The six women participating i n the first study were measured using a Douglas bag, while the six subjects in the second study were measured with a Deltatrac (Datex, Helsinki). Nine of the 12 subjects demonstrated a peak in BMR duiing the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, while 8 of the 12 subjects exhibited a fall in BMR after the onset of menstruation. Group analysis of the results indicated that the BMR during the early follicular phase was significantly lower than the BMR during the late luteal phase (Wilcoxon's signed rank test: P < 0.01). The level ofintraindividual variation was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) for the measurement period. The CV in six of the women exhibited a level of variation comparable to men (24%). However, intraindividual variation in the BMR of the other six women was considerably higher (up to 12%). In these six women, therefore, BMR may not be considered a biological constant. All available data on sequential measurements of BMR in fertile women were collated from the literature for the first time, and statistically analyzed. BMR during the early follicular phase was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) than during the late luteal phase. Further work on the biological constancy of BMR in women and the impact of the menstrual cycle on BMR i s required. This area is of particular importance given the fact that the energy requirements of both individuals and populations are now calculated using the BMR. o 1996 Wiley-Liss. Inc.Basal metabolic rate (BMR), defined as the minimal activity of tissue cells under steady-state conditions (Schofield, 1985), constitutes a major proportion (up to 70%) of the total daily energy expenditure (Payne and Waterlow, 1971). The most recent FAO/ WHOKJNU (1985) report on energy and protein requirements has recommended the use of energy expenditure rather than energy intake as the basis for determining energy requirements in humans. It is, therefore, of great importance that the BMR of males and females living under a wide range ofenvironmental conditions are accurately assessed. Numerous factors are known to influence BMR in humans, including nutritional staReceivcd Augiist 5, 1994; ;mepled December 6. 1995. Address reprint requests to V. Curtis, School ofBiologica1 and Molecular Sciences,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

Curtis¹,

Henry²,

Birch³

et al. 1996

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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“…The variability in energy balance of women during the menstrual cycle has been of interest since research workers in the 1920s examined the problem. At first there was little appreciation that changes might occur at times other than menstruation itself and whether systematic changes did occur was disputed (Snell et al 1920;Blunt & Dye, 1921 ;Wiltshire, 1921;Wakeham, 1923;Hafkesbring & Collett, 1924;Smith & Doolittle, 1925;Benedict & Finn, 1928;Griffith et al 1928-9;Hitchcock & Wardwell, 1929). Some authors failed to find any effect, whereas others showed an increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle

James²,

1989

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1. Eight women were studied under metabolic-ward conditions while consuming a constant diet throughout a single menstrual cycle. Basal body temperature, salivary and urinary hormone concentrations were used in monitoring the cycle and designing the study so that whole-body calorimetry for 36 h was conducted at four phases of the cycle in relation to the time of ovulation.2. The metabolic rate during sleep showed cyclical changes, being lowest in the late follicular phase and highest in the late luteal phase. The increase amounted to 6 1 (SD 27) YO. Energy expenditure (24 h) also increased but the change was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Exercise efficiency did not change during the cycle.3. There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine or free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentrations to explain the metabolic rate changes; nor did they relate to urinary luteinizing hormone, pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide or oestrone-3-glucuronide excretion rates. No link with salivary cortisol or progesterone concentrations was observed, but there was a small inverse relation between the individual increase in sleeping metabolic rate and the subjects' falling ratio of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide : pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide.The variability in energy balance of women during the menstrual cycle has been of interest since research workers in the 1920s examined the problem. At first there was little appreciation that changes might occur at times other than menstruation itself and whether systematic changes did occur was disputed (Snell et al. Hitchcock & Wardwell, 1929). Some authors failed to find any effect, whereas others showed an increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) during the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. In all these early studies the dietary intake was uncontrolled so that any changes in food intake could have affected BMR. More recently, Solomon et al. (1982) overcame this problem by measuring BMR in the course of studies which involved changing the protein intake in sequential menstrual cycles. Thus, the diet was maintained constant during a single cycle but the protein intake varied from cycle to cycle. The BMR was found to increase significantly during the luteal phase of the cycle. M E T H O D SThe purpose of the present study was to maintain food intake constant throughout the cycles of eight women who remained under metabolic-ward conditions. Total faecal and urine collections were made to quantify energy and protein losses, and thyroidal, cortisol and sex hormones were also monitored throughout the cycles to assess whether they might influence energy expenditure. Energy expenditure itself was measured under a variety of * For reprintshttps://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Relation Between Basal Metabolism and Adolescent Growth

Lewis¹

1936

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the relationship between rates of growth in normal persons, as manifested by a physical trait such as stature, and a basic measure of physiologic rate, the basal metabolism. I know of no study to date which has investigated this relationship directly. A number of studies of physical growth and of basal metabolism, however, have suggested the possibility of such a relationship and have led to the formulation of the present problem.In a series of investigations based on an extensive collection of consecutive measurements of the same persons over a period of years, Boas showed that the increased variability in stature characteristic of children from the age of 11 through 16 was a statistical phenomenon due to the occurrence at different ages in different persons of the puberal acceleration of growth in stature.1 By classifying persons according to the age of incidence of maximum increment during this period, he was able to obtain groups physiologically similar as far as their status in the growth curve was concerned, and the standard deviation of stature for children of 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 years of age, all of whom had their maximum acceleration at the same time, was considerably reduced in comparison with unselected groups for these same ages. Furthermore, when the curves for growth in these physiologically selected groups were plotted and compared, it was shown that for those persons whose increased adolescent growth occurred early, i. e., at the age of 11 or 12, the total period of subsequent growth was of lesser duration and greater intensity than for those whose adolescent spurt took place later, i. e., at the age of 14 or 15, and in whom growth continued over a longer period but in lesser amounts. He therefore raised the question whether the tempo of physiologic changes is similar through the growth period and further ". . . . whether the parts of the life cycle are so correlated that the intensity of physiologic change which is indicated by the length of the developmental period continues in later life, including senescence and death." In other words, is there a tempo of growth which is charac-From the department of Anthropology, Columbia University.

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Normal Menstruation and Gaseous Metabolism

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

Intraindividual variation in the basal metabolic rate of women: Effect of the menstrual cycle

Changes in energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle

Relation Between Basal Metabolism and Adolescent Growth

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