Normal MR Imaging Anatomy of the Rotator Cuff Tendons, Glenoid Fossa, Labrum, and Ligaments of the Shoulder

Shoulder motion during tennis serve: dynamic and radiological evaluation based on motion capture and magnetic resonance imaging

“…The red color denotes the zone of minimum distance. The humerus is not shown in the second view for clarity distance was <6 mm, as suggested in previous studies [8,19].…”

Kinematics of the shoulder joint in tennis players

“…[20][21][22] For the three trials of flexion, abduction and internal-external rotation movements, we computed the mean values and the standard deviations (SD) of the ROM at the maximal range of motion. For all critical tennis positions, we calculated the frequency of impingement and the mean and SD of the minimum humeroacromial, humero-coracoid and humero-glenoid distances.…”

Andreas Vesalius’ five hundreth anniversary: initiation of the rotator cuff concept

“…The teres minor muscle was not recognized separately until after the publication of Fallopius [10]. Likewise, Vesalius discriminated only Bthree strong ligaments that bind the humerus in its socket.^We agree with Richardson and Carman that Vesalius probably failed to recognize the middle part of the glenohumeral ligament as it may be absent in up to 30% of human shoulders [11].…”