Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis

Bohannon, Richard W.; Andrews, A. Williams

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2010.12.004

Cited by 714 publications

(477 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Trials with incorrect placement of the right foot were excluded from further analysis. A metaanalysis identified 1.13-1.33 m/s as an average velocity for persons aged 60-79 years (Bohannon and Andrews 2011). Therefore, we chose 1.3 m/s as gait velocity to pretend a moderate gait speed for the participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise of mechanisms of dynamic stability improves the stability state after an unexpected gait perturbation in elderly

Bierbaum

Peper

Arampatzis

2012

AGE

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Unexpected changes during gait challenge elderly individuals to a greater degree than young adults. However, the adaptive potential of elderly seems to be retained, and therefore, the training of the mechanisms of dynamic stability as well as muscle strength training may improve the dynamic stability after unexpected perturbations. Thirty-eight subjects (65-75 years) participated in the study, divided into two experimental groups (stability training group, ST, n014 and mixed training group, MT, n014) and a control group (CG, n010). Both experimental groups performed exercises which focused on the mechanisms of dynamic stability. Additionally, the MT group executed a training to improve muscle strength. Session volume and duration were equal for both groups (14 weeks, twice a week,~1.5 h per session). Pre-and post-intervention, subjects performed a gait protocol with an induced unexpected perturbation. Post-intervention, the margin of stability was significantly increased after the unexpected perturbation in the ST group, indicating an improvement in stability state (pre, −30.3 ± 5.9 cm; post, −24.1 ± 5.2 cm). Further, both intervention groups increased their base of support after the intervention to regain balance after gait perturbation, whereas only the ST group showed a statistically significant improvement (ST pre , 90.9± 6.6 cm, ST post , 98.2±8.5 cm; MT pre , 91.4±6.2 cm; MT post , 97.9±12.7 cm). The CG showed no differences between pre-and post-measurements. The exercise of the mechanisms of dynamic stability led to a better application of these mechanisms after an unexpected perturbation during gait. We suggest that the repeated exercise of the mechanisms of dynamic stability contributes to significant improvements in postural stability. Additional strength training for healthy elderly individuals, however, shows no further effect on the ability to recover balance after unexpected perturbations during gait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise of mechanisms of dynamic stability improves the stability state after an unexpected gait perturbation in elderly

Bierbaum

Peper

Arampatzis

2012

AGE

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“…The normal gait speeds used in clinical practice for women and men aged 70 to 79 are 1.13 m/sec and 1.26 m/sec, respectively. 37 …”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Therapeutic Yoga Program on Postural Control, Mobility, and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Kelley

Aaron

Hynds

et al. 2014

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Objective: To examine the effects of a 12-week therapeutic yoga program on gait speed, postural control, and mobility in community-dwelling older adults. Design: Quasi-experimental study with a pretest/post-test design. Researchers evaluated changes over time (pretest to post-test) in all outcome measures. Paired t-tests were used to analyze normal and fast gait speed, Timed Up and Go test, and Timed Up and Go Dual Task. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate scores for the Mini-BESTest (MBT). Setting: Yoga classes were performed at a local senior center. Blind examiners who were previously trained in the outcome measures performed all pretests and post-tests at the site. Participants: Thirteen adults (12 women and 1 man, with a mean age -standard deviation of 72 -6.9 years) completed the study. Research participants had minimal to no yoga experience. Interventions: A 12-week, 60-minute, biweekly Kripalu yoga class designed specifically for communitydwelling older adults. Outcome measures: Postural control (MBT), mobility (Timed Up and Go test), and gait speed (normal and fast) were assessed. Results: All 13 participants attended at least 19 of the 24 classes (80% attendance). Statistically significant improvements were seen in the MBT ( p = 0.039), normal gait speed ( p = 0.015), fast gait speed ( p = 0.001), Timed Up and Go test ( p = 0.045), and Timed Up and Go Dual-Task ( p = 0.05). Conclusions: Improvements in postural control and mobility as measured by the MBT and Timed Up and Go gait as measured by fast gait speed indicate that research participants benefitted from the therapeutic yoga intervention. The yoga program designed for this study included activities in standing, sitting, and lying on the floor and may be effective in improving mobility, postural control, and gait speed in community-dwelling older adults.

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“…Using this specific cut point gave a high prevalence of slowness, mainly in our sample from Latin America (Lourenço et al 2015). The majority of normative values of gait speed is from developed countries (Abellan van Kan et al 2009;Bohannon and Williams Andrews 2011) and did not include Latin American countries. As the gait speed is highly sensitive to anthropometric and socioeconomic (Bohannon 2008b) characteristics, perhaps it may be the reason for the large variability of slowness in our population.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinically relevant weakness in diverse populations of older adults participating in the International Mobility in Aging Study

Fernandes

Pérez‐Zepeda

Béland

et al. 2016

AGE

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The aims of this study were to compare cut points for weakness proposed by Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project with cut points estimated with our own data; to assess the prevalence of clinically relevant handgrip strength (HGS) weakness according to published criteria across distinct populations of older adults; to estimate the ability of HGS weakness to identify slowness. This is a cross-sectional analysis of International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS) involving 1935 community-dwelling older adults, between 65 and 74 years, who completed HGS and gait speed assessment. We used baseline data from Tirana (Albania), Natal (Brazil), Manizales (Colombia), Kingston (Ontario, Canada), and Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec, Canada). Weakness was defined according to sex-specific HGS cut points associated with slowness proposed by FNIH Sarcopenia Project. Slowness was defined as gait speed <0.8 m/s. IMIAS cut points for clinical weakness had good agreement with those proposed by FNIH. Weakness prevalence across the research sites ranged from 1.1 % (Saint-Hyacinthe) to 19.2 % (Manizales) among men. Women from Manizales (13.5 %) and Natal (19.3 %) had higher prevalence of weakness than their counterparts. FNIH cut points had a strong association with slowness, for both sexes. The IMIAS population generated cut points which were close to those proposed by FNIH. There was large variability in prevalence of weakness across our research sites. The HGS cut points for weakness proposed by FNIH performed well in IMIAS populations, providing a useful tool for screening older adults at risk for functional problems.

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Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis

Cited by 714 publications

References 58 publications

Exercise of mechanisms of dynamic stability improves the stability state after an unexpected gait perturbation in elderly

Exercise of mechanisms of dynamic stability improves the stability state after an unexpected gait perturbation in elderly

The Effects of a Therapeutic Yoga Program on Postural Control, Mobility, and Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Clinically relevant weakness in diverse populations of older adults participating in the International Mobility in Aging Study

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