Normative data and percentile curves for long-term athlete development in swimming

Born, Dennis-Peter; Lomax, Ishbel; Rüeger, Eva; Romann, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.10.002

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on race results, previous studies used longitudinal tracking to establish individual trajectories for performance development (Pyne et al, 2004;Post et al, 2020). By accounting for dropout, the value of longitudinal tracking is clear (Born et al, 2022). However, the present study aimed to investigate the development of key performance indicators and race section times with videobased race analyses across an Olympic cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Development of European Swimmers Across the Olympic Cycle

Born

Schönfelder

Logan

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aims of the study were to (1) quantify the performance development of race times and key performance indicators of European swimmers across the last Olympic cycle (from 2016 to 2021) and (2) provide reference values for long-course swimming pool events for both sexes from 50 m to 1,500 m including butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. Individual events from the 2016 and 2021 European swimming championships were included. Specifically, 246 men (age: 24.2 ± 3.4 years, FINA points: 890 ± 40) and 256 women races (age: 24.2 ± 4, FINA points: 879 ± 38) of the finalists were recorded and key performance indicators and split times analyzed. Performance differences in finalists of the 2016 and 2021 European championships were determined by an independent t-test and Cohen's d effect size. Reference values were retrieved from 2021 European championship finalists and are provided for all key performance indicators. Race times improved significantly (P < 0.05) or showed moderate (d = 0.5–1) to large effect sizes (d > 1) in 14 (men) and 6 (women) out of 16 events. Improvements were primarily evident in 100 m and 200 m events for males, as well as BR and sprint events for female swimmers. While start times improved in 15 (men) and 14 (women) events, turn times remained inconclusive in both sexes. Generally, breakout distances increased. Clean swimming velocities were faster in 12 (men) and 5 (women) events. In particular, for alternating swimming strokes, i.e., backstroke and freestyle, effect sizes indicated improved swimming efficiency with an inverse relationship between reduced stroke rate and increased distance per stroke. Coaches and performance analysts may use the present reference values as comparative data for race analyses and to specifically prepare swimmers for the various race sections. Data on the performance development should be used to analyze swimmers' potential and set goals for the various events and the next Olympic cycle.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Development of European Swimmers Across the Olympic Cycle

Born

Schönfelder

Logan

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Longitudinal tracking involves the retrospective analysis of performance of successful swimmers from age of peak performance (21–26 years of age) back to their adolescent performance 2 . As such, longitudinal tracking accounts for early drop-outs when predicting elite age success 3 . This is of particular importance, as success at junior age is only a poor predictor for success at elite age 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study has established reference values based on percentile curves for Olympic swimming long-course events (50 m pool length) 3 . However, during the winter season in the northern hemisphere, races are held as short-course events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing cross-sectional and longitudinal tracking to establish percentile data and assess performance progression in swimmers

Born

Rüeger

Beaven

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To provide percentile curves for short-course swimming events, including 5 swimming strokes, 6 race distances, and both sexes, as well as to compare differences in race times between cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal tracking, a total of 31,645,621 race times of male and female swimmers were analyzed. Two percentile datasets were established from individual swimmers’ annual best times and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal tracking. A software-based percentile calculator was provided to extract the exact percentile for a given race time. Longitudinal tracking reduced the number of annual best times that were included in the percentiles by 98.35% to 262,071 and showed faster mean race times (P < 0.05) compared to the cross-sectional analysis. This difference was found in the lower percentiles (1st to 20th) across all age categories (P < 0.05); however, in the upper percentiles (80th to 99th), longitudinal tracking showed faster race times during early and late junior age only (P < 0.05), after which race times approximated cross-sectional tracking. The percentile calculator provides quick and easy data access to facilitate practical application of percentiles in training or competition. Longitudinal tracking that accounts for drop-out may predict performance progression towards elite age, particularly for high-performance swimmers.

show abstract

“…Keywords: Disabled Athletes; National Paralympic Committe; Paralympic Sports; Talent Scouting PENDAHULUAN Pemanduan bakat atlet merupakan salah satu tahapan proses pembinaan jangka panjang dalam meraih prestasi olahraga. Dalam pembinaan jangka panjang tersebut, banyak faktor yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap prestasi atlet di masa depan (Born et al, 2022;John et al, 2019). Pembinaan jangka panjang melibatkan hubungan yang berkualitas antara pembina dan atlet (Jowett, 2017).…”

unclassified

Pelatihan Pemanduan Bakat Olahraga Disabilitas bagi National Paralympic Committee (NPC) Kota Tegal

Umar

Misbah²,

Siskawati³

et al. 2023

btjpm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: Pemanduan bakat olahraga secara ilmiah jarang dilakukan dalam pembinaan prestasi olahraga disabilitas. NPC Kota Tegal masih ketinggalan prestasi olahraga disabilitas karena belum memiliki atlet disabilitas yang memadai. Pengurus NPC Kota Tegal membutuhkan bantuan dalam menemukan calon atlet berbakat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk 1) memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman bagi sumber daya manusia (SDM) NPC Kota Tegal tentang pemanduan bakat olahraga disabilitas, dan 2) memberikan pengalaman SDM NPC Kota Tegal melaksanakan proses pemanduan bakat olahraga kepada 48 calon atlet disabilitas di Kota Tegal. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 2 hari pada hari Jum’at & Sabtu, Tanggal 16-17 September 2022, bertempat di GOR Wisanggeni, Kota Tegal. Sasaran kegiatan adalah 10 orang SDM NPC Kota Tegal menjadi peserta ToT (Training of Trainer), dan 48 orang calon atlet disabilitas yang dites keberbakatannya. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan (1) memberikan ToT cara pemanduan bakat olahraga disabilitas, (2) melaksanakan pengetesan kepada 48 calon atlet disabilitas, dan (3) menganalisa hasil pemanduan bakat. Hasil kegiatan: (1) Peserta ToT 10 orang SDM Kota Tegal memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pemanduan bakat olahraga bagi atlet disabilitas, dan (2) sepuluh SDM dapat melaksanakan managemen rangkaian proses pemanduan bakat olahraga kepada 48 orang calon atlet disabiltas dengan baik, dengan menghasilkan identifikasi kelas klasifikasi dan minat cabang olahraga bagi seluruh calon atlet disabilitas. Kesimpulan hasil kegiatan adalah 1) Sepuluh Orang SDM NPC Kota Tegal mendapatkan pengetahuan dan pengalam baru tentang pemanduan bakat olahraga disabilitas, dan 2) sepuluh orang SDM dapat melaksanakan kegiatan dengan baik dan 48 calon atlet disabilitas dapat diidentifikasi klasifikasi dan minat cabang olahraganya. Kontribusi kegiatan NPC Kota Tegal memiliki SDM untuk melaksanakan pemanduan bakat masa mendatang dan mempunyai atlet untuk dibina prestasinya.Scientific scouting of sports talent is rarely done in developing disability sports achievements. NPC Tegal City still lags behind disability sports achievements because it does not have adequate disabled athletes. The Tegal City NPC board needs help in finding talented prospective athletes. This service activity aims to 1) provide knowledge and understanding for NPC Human Resources of Tegal City about guiding disability sports talents and 2) provide the experience for NPC Human Resources of Tegal City to carry out the process of guiding sports talents to 48 prospective athletes with disabilities in Tegal City. The activity will be held for two days on Friday & Saturday, September 16th-17th, 2022, at GOR Wisanggeni, Tegal City. The target of the activity was 10 NPC human resources in Tegal City who became ToT (Training of Trainer) participants and 48 prospective athletes with disabilities who were tested for their diversity. The activity method is carried out by (1) providing ToT on how to guide disability sports talents, (2) conducting tests for 48 prospective disabled athletes, and (3) analyzing the results of talent guidance. The results of the activity (1) ToT participants 10 Tegal City human resources have knowledge and understanding of guiding sports talents for athletes with disabilities. (2) Ten human resources can manage a series of sports talent guidance processes for 48 prospective athletes in a good manner by identifying classification classes and sports interests for all prospective athletes with disabilities. The conclusion of the activity was 1) Ten NPC human resources in Tegal City gained new knowledge and experience about guiding disability sports talents. 2) Ten HR people can carry out activities well, and 48 prospective athletes with disabilities can be identified by classification and interests in sports. The contribution of NPC activities in Tegal City has human resources to carry out future talent scouting and has athletes to foster their achievements.

show abstract

Normative data and percentile curves for long-term athlete development in swimming

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Performance Development of European Swimmers Across the Olympic Cycle

Performance Development of European Swimmers Across the Olympic Cycle

Comparing cross-sectional and longitudinal tracking to establish percentile data and assess performance progression in swimmers

Pelatihan Pemanduan Bakat Olahraga Disabilitas bagi National Paralympic Committee (NPC) Kota Tegal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About