Norms, Standards, and Legislation for Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Abstract

Fast pyrolysis of woody biomass is close to full maturity, with first-of-its-kind commercial size installations for fuel production being commissioned in Finland (Fortum) and in The Netherlands (Empyro), and in the design phase in Brazil (Ensyn). In the industrial-scale combustion tests, the use of fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) has been demonstrated to be a viable option to replace heavy fuel oil in district heating applications. Commercially usable district heating boilers and burners suitable for FPBO are available. There is research on diesel-engine and gas-turbine applications but, so far, no proven demonstrations. FPBO is completely different from mineral oils; hence, standards are needed. Analytical methods have been systematically validated and modifications to the standards as well as completely new methods have been made. Two ASTM burner fuel standards already exist and European boiler fuel grades are being developed under CEN. The focus on CEN standardization is on boiler use, because of its commercial readiness.

Modification and regeneration of HZSM-5 catalyst in microwave assisted catalytic fast pyrolysis of mushroom waste

“…Despite some high value-added chemicals are found in the biooil, which includes hydrocarbons, alcohols, furans, phenols and so forth, its application is still limited as a consequence of the high oxygen content, low caloric value, high corrosion behavior and chemical instability [3,4]. Upgrading of biomass derived bio-oil provides an effective and efficient process to attain an energy benefit with a minimum effect on environment [5].…”

Results of the International Energy Agency Round Robin on Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Production

“…Both of these laboratories are operating screw reactors. The density of poplar bio-oils varies from 1.12 to 1.21 kg/dm 3 . Because of the phase separation, the densities of wheat straw bio-oil were difficult to measure in many cases and varied from 1.03-1.13 kg/dm 3 for those recorded.…”

“…The density of poplar bio-oils varies from 1.12 to 1.21 kg/dm 3 . Because of the phase separation, the densities of wheat straw bio-oil were difficult to measure in many cases and varied from 1.03-1.13 kg/dm 3 for those recorded. The blended feedstock samples were more consistently measured and varied from 1.12-1.19 kg/dm 3 .…”

“…Because of the phase separation, the densities of wheat straw bio-oil were difficult to measure in many cases and varied from 1.03-1.13 kg/dm 3 for those recorded. The blended feedstock samples were more consistently measured and varied from 1.12-1.19 kg/dm 3 . The density is a function of water content and the variation in water contents is seen in Figure 1.…”

“…3 The standard analyses have been systematically tested for bio-oils [4][5][6][7][8] and modifications as well as new methods have been suggested when needed.…”