North‐Atlantic surface winds examined as the source of winter warming in Europe

Otterman, J.; Angell, J. K.; Ardizzone, J.; Atlas, Robert; Schubert, Siegfried D.; Starr, David Oc.; Wu, Man‐Li C.

doi:10.1029/2002gl015256

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to these studies, it is to suppose an increase of southwesterlies in the Iberian Peninsula, at least in winter, along the twenty-first century, with the consequent warming. In case of a year with a winter of positive NAO index, the resultant effect would be coincident to a large degree (Otterman et al, 2002), although this oscillation keeps low correlations with the temperature in Spain in DJF months (Sáenz et al, 2001). The reduction in the overall cyclone activity in the Mediterranean would also aid in the warming in Catalonia, in agreement with patterns detected for daily T max and T min trends.…”

Section: Physical Causessupporting

confidence: 73%

Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

Martínez

Serra

Burgueño

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

102

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ABSTRACT:Daily maximum and minimum temperatures, T max and T min , and diurnal temperature range, DTR, from 37 temperature stations in Catalonia (NE Spain) are analyzed to detect significant daily time trends for the period . The homogeneity of the series is tested by means of the Standard Normal Homogeneity, the Buishand range and the Pettitt tests. The lack of randomness of the series, suggesting time trends, is also investigated by means of the Von Neumann ratio test. The daily time trends obtained and their spatial and temporal patterns are mainly in agreement with overall time trends recently derived for the Northern Hemisphere. The results indicate generalized increasing annual trends of daily T max and T min (0.5°C/decade), especially relevant in spring and summer, with values reaching 0.8-0.9°C/decade, and also remarkable for T max in winter (0.7°C/decade). In autumn, however, average trends point at a decrease in T max (−0.5°C/decade). As a result, an average annual decreasing trend of DTR is found, particularly relevant in autumn (−0.9°C/decade). Several periods with an outstanding number of stations showing significant positive time trends are detected and analyzed during the spring and summer seasons both for daily T max and T min . The only period with a relevant number of significant negative trends is detected in February for daily T min , thus implying a significant increasing trend of DTR during this short winter period. Comparisons are established with large-and regional-scale temperature trends, paying attention to the west Mediterranean atmospheric dynamics change.

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Section: Physical Causessupporting

confidence: 73%

Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

Martínez

Serra

Burgueño

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

102

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“…This mechanism was probably activated by the initiation of the Labrador Current during the Middle Pliocene [ Spaak , 1983]. Since this time changes in the position of the NADC may have caused significant latitudinal alteration in the climate zones of Western Europe on all timescales [ Otterman et al , 2002]. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), the frontal systems were displaced southward in the presence of glaciers and sea ice, leading to a North Atlantic surface circulation pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the relatively warm water masses of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the North Atlantic Drift Current (NADC) (Figure 1a) are responsible for the mild climate in Europe by bringing warm moist air across the European continent [ Otterman et al , 2002]. This mechanism was probably activated by the initiation of the Labrador Current during the Middle Pliocene [ Spaak , 1983].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐frequency climate linkages between the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean during marine oxygen isotope stage 100 (MIS100)

2006

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[1] High-resolution records of Mediterranean and North Atlantic deep-sea sediments indicate that rapid changes in hydrology and climate occurred during marine oxygen isotope stage 100 (MIS100) (at $2.52 Ma), which exhibits characteristics similar to late Pleistocene Dansgaard-Oeschger, Bond cycles and Heinrich events. As in the late Pleistocene, North Atlantic oceanographic and atmospheric changes were probably transmitted into the Mediterranean by some combination of surface water inflow and Atlantic-Mediterranean atmospheric pressure gradients. Our data suggest that the mechanism(s) responsible for sub-Milankovitch and millennialscale climate oscillations were the same over at least the past 2.6 Ma, notwithstanding the transition from the 41-kyr-dominated glacial cycles of the late Pliocene to the 100-kyr cycles of the late Pleistocene.

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“… Otterman et al [2002] attributed the increasing trend of temperature over Europe to an increasing trend in the southerly component of the westerly winds prevailing there. The possible impact of the northwesterly Etesian winds on temperature in our study region and level was evaluated through the inter‐annual variation of the average seasonal wind vectors.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term variations in summer temperatures over the Eastern Mediterranean

Saaroni

Ziv

Edelson

et al. 2003

Geophysical Research Letters

111

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[1] The inter-annual variation of the 850 hPa temperatures over the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) for July -August was analyzed for 1948-2002, using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The time series of seasonal averages and the distribution of 'hot' and 'cool' days indicate the existence of three distinct warm periods. The warmest began in the mid-1990s. A long-term warming trend of 0.013 Ky À1 was found. The warming trend in July was 7 times greater than that of August, and July replaced August as the warmest month of the year. A trend of increasing extremity was also found. This was manifested in increasing seasonal standard deviation of daily temperatures, at a rate of 11% over 55 years, and in an increase in the frequency of both 'hot' and 'cool' days. These trends are also reflected in an increase in the seasonal maximum temperatures, which is 3 times greater than the increase in minimum temperatures.

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North‐Atlantic surface winds examined as the source of winter warming in Europe

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

Time trends of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Catalonia (ne Spain) for the period 1975–2004

High‐frequency climate linkages between the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean during marine oxygen isotope stage 100 (MIS100)

Long‐term variations in summer temperatures over the Eastern Mediterranean

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