Northern opportunities: A strategic review of Canada's Arctic icebreaking services

Parsons, James; Dinwoodie, J. M.; Roe, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2011.01.017

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Instead, research has targeted, for example, the impact of climate change and opening the Arctic route (e.g. Somanathan et al 2007;Parsons et al 2011;Gritsenko and Kiiski 2015;Dalaklis et al 2018) and operational safety (Boström and Österman 2017), whereas optimal pricing research has focussed on fairways or ports (e.g. Coase 1974;Haralambides et al 2001;Meersman et al 2010), while further economic analysis has been limited to the cost-benefit analysis of icebreaker improvements (Lyridis et al 2005).…”

Section: Administration Annual Report 2017)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter 2010/2011 was omitted from the analysis because the fuel consumption data were misreported, according to communication to the authors from the Swedish Maritime Administration. Maritime operating costs were taken from yearly reports from the Swedish Maritime Administration entitled A summary of the ice season and icebreaking activities (Swedish Maritime Administration 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data

Lindborg¹,

Andersson

2020

WMU J Marit Affairs

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In winter, the sea around Sweden and Finland as well as parts of the waters around Canada, Russia and the USA become ice covered, and ships may require assistance from icebreakers to proceed to their destinations. This paper accordingly analyses the cost structure and estimates the cost of icebreaking operations at sea, including the costs of external effects of the icebreakers' emissions, and analyses the consequences of different pricing schemes for financing icebreaking services. A regression analysis was carried out based on data from icebreaking services in Sweden over 14 winters from 2001/2002 to 2015/2016. The social marginal cost of an average assistance operation (which may involve more than one ship) is estimated at EUR 6476 and for each assisted ship EUR 5304. The same cost is EUR 907 per running hour for the icebreakers and EUR 1990 per hour a ship is assisted. Each additional nautical mile sailed by an icebreaker costs society EUR 141 and each assisted nautical mile EUR 234. The marginal cost is found not to be related to winter severity. Despite the significant social marginal costs, not including large fixed costs, icebreaking in Sweden and Finland is free of charge. The advantages and disadvantages of four pricing models that can be applied to cover at least parts of the costs to society are discussed. All models could create new distortions, but a price per assisted hour may be worth applying in practice.

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Section: Administration Annual Report 2017)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data

Lindborg¹,

Andersson

2020

WMU J Marit Affairs

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“…In a second "focused" stage a researcher is able to "sort, synthesise, integrate and organise" large volumes of data through use of the most important or significant initial codes which may require a final selective stage [51]. The main idea behind grounded theory is to help identify common themes and construct "exploratory theories" through data collection and "hypothesis testing" [52] and to facilitate substantive theory development [53]. Coding procedures are then used to identify thematic content using an inductive approach [54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Research Design and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a sustainability management system for smaller ports

et al. 2015

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“…The melting of the Arctic sea ice due to global warming has enabled voyages through Arctic waters [1][2][3]. With the opening of Arctic waters, the frontier of exploration of hydrocarbon resources can be pushed significantly northern, and also the existing trading routes between Europe and the Far East may change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a probabilistic model for predicting ship besetting in ice in Arctic waters

Zhang

Montewka

et al. 2016

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

108

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a b s t r a c tRecently, the melting of sea ice due to global warming has made it possible for merchant ships to navigate through Arctic Waters. However, Arctic Marine Transportation System remains a very demanding, dynamic and complex system due to challenging hydro-meteorological conditions, poorly charted waters and remoteness of the area resulting in lack of appropriate response capacity in case of emergency. In order to ensure a proper safety level for operations such as ship transit within the area, a risk analysis should be carried out, where the relevant factors pertaining to a given operation are defined and organized in a model. Such a model can assist onshore managers or ships' crews in planning and conducting an actual sea passage through Arctic waters. However, research in this domain is scarce, mainly due to lack of data. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a dataset and expert judgment to determine the risk influencing factors and develop a probabilistic model for a ship besetting in ice along the Northeast Passage. For that purpose, we adopt Bayesian belief Networks (BBNs), due to their predominant feature of reasoning under uncertainty and their ability to accommodate data from various sources. The obtained BBN model has been validated showing good agreement with available state-ofthe-art models, and providing good understanding of the analyzed phenomena.

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Northern opportunities: A strategic review of Canada's Arctic icebreaking services

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data

The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data

Towards a sustainability management system for smaller ports

Towards a probabilistic model for predicting ship besetting in ice in Arctic waters

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