Norway spruce physiological and anatomical predisposition to dieback

Hentschel, Rainer; Rosner, Sabine; Kayler, Zachary; Andreassen, Kjell; Børja, Isabella; Solberg, Svein; Tveito, Ole Einar; Priesack, Eckart; Geßler, Arthur

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.007

Cited by 67 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Although conifers usually keep a large safety margin from drought-induced cavitation [21,61], lower (t/b) 2 in P. nigra suffering di-back than in healthy trees [25] suggests an important role of bending stress as a partial contributor to hydraulic resistance in tree decline. Low wood density, which is related to (t/b) 2 as low cell-wall-to-lumen ratio [44], increases the risk of post-drought dieback in many conifers, including P. sylvestris [69,70]. The higher conduit density per unit area in P. sylvestris likely contributes to maintaining hydraulic functions in case of xylem cavitation [71].…”

Section: Interspecific Responses To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allocating more carbohydrates to mycorrhiza and root growth, storage or needles [9,[11][12][13] offer the advantage of a faster recovery or the possibility to withstand longer periods of drought and may also be key strategies to ensure survival in long-lived plants [9,70]. Also, P. nigra has a higher frequency of rays and parenchyma than P. sylvestris [63,64] which are related to higher potential for storing non-structural carbohydrates and water contributing to a faster recovery after stressful conditions [74].…”

Section: Interspecific Responses To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

Martín-Benito

Anchukaitis

Evans

et al. 2017

Forests

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Exploring how drought influences growth, performance, and survival in different species is crucial to understanding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems. Here, we investigate the responses of two co-occurring pines (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris) to interannual drought in east-central Spain by dendrochronological and wood anatomical features integrated with isotopic ratios of carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) in tree rings. Our results showed that drought induces both species to allocate less carbon to build tracheid cell-walls but increases tracheid lumen diameters, particularly in the transition wood between early and latewood, potentially maximizing hydraulic conductivity but reducing resistance to embolism at a critical phase during the growing season. The thicker cell-wall-to-lumen ratio in P. nigra could imply that its xylem may be more resistant to bending stress and drought-induced cavitation than P. sylvestris. In contrast, the higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in P. sylvestris suggests that it relies more on a water-saving strategy. Our results suggest that narrower cell-walls and reduced growth under drought are not necessarily linked to increased iWUE. At our site P. nigra showed a higher growth plasticity, grew faster and was more competitive than P. sylvestris. In the long term, these sustained differences in iWUE and anatomical characters could affect forest species performance and composition, particularly under increased drought stress.

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Section: Interspecific Responses To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interspecific Responses To Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

Martín-Benito

Anchukaitis

Evans

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…In addition, trees with top dieback tended to spend water; they had a predisposition to less strict stomatal control. Trees with both characteristics can most likely not cope with several drought periods during subsequent years (Hentschel et al 2014). Proxies for P 50 can be useful tools to screen for provenances or individuals with higher hydraulic safety (Dalla Salda et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is thought to be associated with climatic extremes (Hentschel et al 2014). In this region, the period between 2004 and 2006 was characterized by high water deficits during the growing season, estimated as the difference between the cumulative precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration (see Fig 1 in Hentschel et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this period, trees with symptoms of top dieback ( Fig. 1) showed lower intrinsic water-use efficiency that is associated with increased stomatal conductance (Hentschel et al 2014) and produced wood with lower density, indicating higher vulnerability to cavitation . Functional traits for estimating hydraulic vulnerability gain increasing importance as screening tools because hydraulic experiments are labour intensive or prone to errors (Cochard et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronology of hydraulic vulnerability in trunk wood of conifer trees with and without symptoms of top dieback

Rosner

Luss

Svêtlík

et al. 2016

JPH

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There is evidence that recently occurring top dieback of Norway spruce (Piceaabies(L.) Karst.) treesin southern Norway is associated with drought stress. We comparedfunctional wood traits of20 healthy looking trees and 20 trees with visual signs of top dieback. SilviScan technology was applied to measure cell dimensions (lumen and cell wall thickness) in a selected set of trunk wood specimens where vulnerability to cavitation (P50) datawere available. The conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)²) was a good proxy for P50. Cell dimensions were measured on wood cores of all 40 trees; theoretical vulnerability of single annual rings could bethus estimated. Declining trees tended to have lower (t/b)² before and during a period of water deficit (difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration)that lasted from 2004 to 2006. The results are discussed with respect to genetic predisposition.

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Effects of prolonged drought on the anatomy of sun and shade needles in young Norway spruce trees

Gebauer

Volařík

Urban

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Predicted increases in the frequency and duration of drought are expected to negatively affect tree vitality, but we know little about how water shortage will influence needle anatomy and thereby the trees’ photosynthetic and hydraulic capacity. In this study, we evaluated anatomical changes in sun and shade needles of 20‐year‐old Norway spruce trees exposed to artificial drought stress. Canopy position was found to be important for needle structure, as sun needles had significantly higher values than shade needles for all anatomical traits (i.e., cross‐sectional needle area, number of tracheids in needle, needle hydraulic conductivity, and tracheid lumen area), except proportion of xylem area per cross‐sectional needle area. In sun needles, drought reduced all trait values by 10–40%, whereas in shade needles, only tracheid maximum diameter was reduced by drought. Due to the relatively weaker response of shade needles than sun needles in drought‐stressed trees, the difference between the two needle types was reduced by 25% in the drought‐stressed trees compared to the control trees. The observed changes in needle anatomy provide new understanding of how Norway spruce adapts to drought stress and may improve predictions of how forests will respond to global climate change.

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Norway spruce physiological and anatomical predisposition to dieback

Cited by 67 publications

References 55 publications

Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

Effects of Drought on Xylem Anatomy and Water-Use Efficiency of Two Co-Occurring Pine Species

Chronology of hydraulic vulnerability in trunk wood of conifer trees with and without symptoms of top dieback

Effects of prolonged drought on the anatomy of sun and shade needles in young Norway spruce trees

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