NOS3 Polymorphisms Can Influence the Effect of Multicomponent Training on Blood Pressure, Nitrite Concentration and Physical Fitness in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Older Adult Women

Abstract

Associations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms with hypertension and response to exercise training in prehypertensive and hypertensive older adult women remain unclear. This study used a multicomponent program (various capacities and motor skills) in the physical training intervention. It analyzed the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [−786T > C, 894G > T (Glu298Asp), and intron 4b/a] on the response of blood pressure (BP), nitrite concentration, and physical fitness in older adult women. Fifty-two participants aged between 50 and 80 underwent body mass index, BP, 6-min walk, elbow flexion, and sit and stand-up tests to assess physical fitness. The intervention duration was 12 weeks, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Each session lasted 90 min, maintaining an intensity between 13 (moderate) and 15 (intense), controlled by the Subjective Effort Perception Scale. Plasma/blood samples were collected to assess nitrite concentration and genotyping. The statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test and linear mixed-effects models. The multicomponent training’s positive effect was observed with a similar response in both prehypertensive and hypertensive groups. However, carriers of different genotypes demonstrated different responses to training: the decreases in systolic and diastolic BP and increases in nitrite expected from the physical training were smaller in variant genotype than ancestral genotype carriers, especially in the hypertensive group. At positions −786T > C and Glu298Asp, only the ancestral genotypes showed a decrease in diastolic BP (Δ% = −8.1, and Δ% = −6.5, respectively) and an increase on nitrite (Δ% = 19.1, and Δ% = 24.1, respectively) in the hypertensive group. Our results show that the benefits of a multicomponent training intervention seem to be genotype-dependent. It should be possible to consider genetic variants when selecting an exercise treatment intervention.

Detraining and Retraining Effects from a Multicomponent Training Program on the Functional Capacity and Health Profile of Physically Active Prehypertensive Older Women

“…This claim is confirmed by a recent systematic review with a meta-analysis, which found that the combination of both exercise modalities may significantly reduce SBP and DBP in postmenopausal women [54]. Additionally, other investigations that used the MTP in their physical exercise intervention were also in accord with our study [22,53,55], demonstrating significant reductions in blood pressure. Furthermore, similar to our study, Cornelissen et al [7] reported that reductions in SBP and DBP were attributed to cardiorespiratory improvements.…”

Combined exercise training decreases blood pressure in OLDER women with NOS3 polymorphism providing changes in differentially methylated regions (DMRs)

“…Regarding the investigated NOS3 polymorphisms (−786T > C and 894 G > T), the studies provide inconclusive findings [ 12–15 ]. However, in a study conducted by our group [ 17 ], a distinct response to multicomponent training, lasting 90 minutes per session, was observed among groups of older women with pre-hypertension (pre-HAs) and hypertension (HAS). It was evident that improvement and response were associated with genotype, with the presence of the three variant genotypes [−786T > C: TC + CC, 894 G > T (Glu298Asp): GluAsp + AspAsp] negatively affecting the reduction of diastolic blood pressure and the increase in nitrite concentration responses, particularly in the group of older women with HAS.…”

“…However, individuals may exhibit different responses in BP after a period of exercise training practice [ 12–15 ]. Genetic variables, such as NOS3 polymorphisms, may be related to differences in responses to exercise training [ 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…In a study conducted by our research group [ 17 ], we showed that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NOS3 (−786T > C, 894 G > T (Glu298Asp)) influenced responsiveness to multicomponent exercise training regarding BP and nitrite concentration in physically inactive pre-hypertensive or hypertensive middle-aged and older women. The decreases in systolic and diastolic BP and increases in nitrite expected from exercise training were smaller in the variant genotype (−786T > C – TC + CC, Glu298Asp: GluAsp + AspAsp) than ancestral genotype (−786T > C – TT, and Glu298Asp: GluGlu).…”

“…Aiming to advance the study on the different responses in blood pressure after combined exercise training, the objective is to investigate the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [−786T > C e (Glu298Asp)] [ 17 ] on blood pressure response, identify differentially methylated regions in the various polymorphisms using exploratory analysis, and analyse the physical fitness of adult and older women after a 14-week intervention of combined exercise training.…”