Nosema Disease of European Honey Bees

Galajda, Richard; Valenčáková, Alexandra; Sučik, Monika; Kandráčová, Petra

doi:10.3390/jof7090714

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Over 30 protocols have been developed for the molecular detection of Nosema spp. based on simple and multiplex PCR, qPCR, RFLP-PCR, and LAMP ( Table 2 ) [ 169 ]. Duplex formats are more convenient than uniplex PCR or qPCR protocols when applied to epidemiological scenarios where both N. ceranae and N. apis can be found.…”

Section: Description Of Main Bee Pathogens and Molecular Methods For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Lannutti

Gonzales

Santos

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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The honeybee Apis mellifera is highly appreciated worldwide because of its products, but also as it is a pollinator of crops and wild plants. The beehive is vulnerable to infections due to arthropods, fungi, protozoa, bacteria and/or viruses that manage to by-pass the individual and social immune mechanisms of bees. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, infections easily spread within and between beehives. Moreover, international trade of bees has caused the global spread of infections, several of which result in significant losses for apiculture. Only in a few cases can infections be diagnosed with the naked eye, by direct observation of the pathogen in the case of some arthropods, or by pathogen-associated distinctive traits. Development of molecular methods based on the amplification and analysis of one or more genes or genomic segments has brought significant progress to the study of bee pathogens, allowing for: (i) the precise and sensitive identification of the infectious agent; (ii) the analysis of co-infections; (iii) the description of novel species; (iv) associations between geno- and pheno-types and (v) population structure studies. Sequencing of bee pathogen genomes has allowed for the identification of new molecular targets and the development of specific genotypification strategies.

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Section: Description Of Main Bee Pathogens and Molecular Methods For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Lannutti

Gonzales

Santos

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…To address honey bee colony collapse, it is important to take a multipronged approach that addresses both environmental and human-related factors. Of these factors, honey bee disease, known as nosemosis, is known to have the greatest impact on honey bees [10,[13][14][15]. Nosema infection can have severe negative effects on honey bee colonies, including reduced foraging activity, decreased colony growth and productivity, increased mortality, increased susceptibility to other stressors, reduced winter survival, decreased queen bee productivity, and reduced immune function [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Of 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these factors, honey bee disease, known as nosemosis, is known to have the greatest impact on honey bees [10,[13][14][15]. Nosema infection can have severe negative effects on honey bee colonies, including reduced foraging activity, decreased colony growth and productivity, increased mortality, increased susceptibility to other stressors, reduced winter survival, decreased queen bee productivity, and reduced immune function [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nosemosis is caused by two species of microsporidia, Nosema apis and N. ceranae.…”

Section: Of 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Metabolites With Honey Bee Nosemosis Inhibitory Activity

Kim¹,

Woo²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study aimed to select the most effective metabolites for controlling honey bee nosemosis using culture extracts from 342 entomopathogenic fungi of 24 species from 18 genera. The germination inhibitory activity of the fungal culture extract against Nosema ceranae spores was evaluated using an in vitro germination assay method. Among 89 fungal culture extracts showing germination inhibitory activity of approximately 80% or more, 44 culture extracts that maintained their inhibitory activity even at a concentration of 1% were selected. Finally, the honey bee nosemosis inhibitory activity was evaluated using the cultured extracts of 5 fungal isolates having a Nosema inhibitory activity of approximately 60% or more even when the extract was removed after treatment. As a result, the proliferation of Nosema spores was reduced by all fungal culture extract treatments. However, only the treatment of the culture extracts from Paecilomyces marquandii 364 and Pochonia bulbillosa 60 showed a reduction in honey bee mortality due to nosemosis. In particular, the extracts of these two fungal isolates also increased the survival of honey bees.

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“…Перебіг захворювання характеризується тим, що сім'ї зменшуються в розмірі, не здатні підтримати мікроклімат в гнізді з настанням холодів і часто гинуть під час зимівлі. Його загострення у бджіл спостерігається під впливом комплексу негативних чинників та патології змішаного характеру, зокрема за високого ступеня інвазії бджіл кліщем Varroa destructor та мікроспоридіями Nosema apis і Nosema ceranae (Carreck et al, 2010;Nazarenko & Yevstafieva, 2019;Kovalchuk et al, 2019;Luis et al, 2020;Yongsawas et al, 2020;Galajda et al, 2021;Berry et al, 2022).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Harmlessness, biostimulating and antiviral action of probiotic “Apinormin” for honey bees

Postoienko¹,

Postoienko²,

Yefimenko³

et al. 2022

SMLNUVMB

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Viral diseases of bees, in particular the sac brood, are an urgent problem of the industry, which brings great losses. The situation worsens in the case of parallel infestation of insects by the Varroa mite. Today, a complex approach is used for the treatment of viral diseases of bees, which is based on a connection of antiviral and antiparasitic measures in combination with drugs that have general strengthening and biostimulating effects. Nevertheless, the issue of developing ecologically safe and effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of bee diseases, in particular viral ones, is relevant today. In this work, the positive effect of using a specific probiotic for bees “Apinormin” for sac brood was investigated. Research in laboratory conditions was carried out on bees of the summer generation, selected into cages. The oral effect of the drug was determined by feeding bees with sugar syrup, the contact effect by spraying the body of insects with an aqueous solution in concentrations of 0.4; 0.8; 4.0; 8.0 %. Under natural conditions, the therapeutic effectiveness of a 4 % solution of “Apinormin” compared to the creation of an infertile period for the period of removal of queens for bee sac brood was determined. In laboratory conditions, the drug was proven to be harmless for bees when used orally in all tested concentrations. It has been established that “Apinormin” significantly increases the life expectancy of insects. Thus, feeding an 8 % probiotic solution slowed down the process of natural dying of bees from 7.24 to 27.75 % in the dynamics of observations. Under natural conditions, the drug did not show an antiviral effect. The effectiveness of the infertile period in the treatment of this viral disease is shown. The obtained positive effect of “Apinormin” on the life extension of bees and the presence of a number of biologically active compounds in its composition serve as a basis for the use of the drug to increase the strength and productivity of families, in case of stress, protein starvation, various technological violations of maintenance and the development of schemes for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases of bees. The expediency of using the infertile period for the period of removal of the queens in the following studies, both for self-administration and for working out the schemes of complex therapy of infectious diseases of bees together with the appropriate veterinary drugs, is substantiated.

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Nosema Disease of European Honey Bees

Cited by 28 publications

References 62 publications

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Arthropod, Fungal, Protozoan, Bacterial and Viral Pathogens of Honeybees

Screening of Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Metabolites With Honey Bee Nosemosis Inhibitory Activity

Harmlessness, biostimulating and antiviral action of probiotic “Apinormin” for honey bees

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