Nosocomial and Community Acquired Infections in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial or hospital acquired infection has been recognized as a serious public health problem in the last twenty years. In most hospitals in Africa-South of the Sahara, although the types of community acquired infections are known, neither the magnitude, nor the common types of nosocomial infections has been documented. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to find the prevalence of hospital and community acquired infections in hospitals, and to estimate the overall prevalence of HAI and CAI in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. METHODS: A one-day prevalence survey of nosocomial and community acquired infection in a tertiary-care hospital in Accra was performed using the 1980 British national protocol and the result was analyzed using computerized gargets. RESULTS: Of the 907 patients on admission (on the day of the study), 61 (6.7%) had hospital-acquired infection and 287 (31.6%) had community acquired infection. The commonest hospital acquired infection was wound infection followed by skin and lower respiratory infections. Of the community infections, the most common cases were lower respiratory and skin infections. Fifty-three percent of all patients were on antimicrobial treatment. Patients on metronidazole were 212 (44%), ampicillin/amoxicillin 199 (41.6%), cloxacillin 163 (34%) and gentamicin 135 (28%). Approximately 20% of patients were on three or more drugs. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that the prevalence of community acquired infections in our hospital is much higher than that from nosocomial infections and that the British national survey protocol can be used in countries with limited resources. WAJM 2009; 28(5): 300-303.Keywords: Nosocomial infection, survey, prevalence, developing country. RÉSUMÉ CONTEXTE: nosocomiales ou infections acquises à l'hôpital a été reconnue comme un grave problème de santé publique dans les vingt dernières années. Dans la plupart des hôpitaux en Afrique au sud du Sahara, bien que les types d'infections acquises dans la collectivité sont connues, ni l'ampleur, ni les types communs d'infections nosocomiales a été documentée. OBJECTIF: Cette étude a été menée pour trouver la prévalence de l'hôpital et la communauté des infections acquises dans les hôpitaux, et d'estimer la prévalence globale de l'HAI et CAI en Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. MÉTHODE: Un questionnaire d'une prévalence du jour de l'infection nosocomiale et communautaire a acquis une infection dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires à Accra a été réalisée en utilisant le protocole de 1980 ressortissant britannique et le résultat a été analysée à l'aide gargets informatisé. RÉSULTATS: Sur les 907 patients à l'admission (le jour de l'étude), 61 (6,7%) avaient des infections nosocomiales et 287 (31,6%) avaient acquises dans la collectivité infection. L'hôpital a acquis l'infection a été plus fréquente infection de la plaie suivie par la peau et les infections pulmonaires. Parmi les infections communautaires, les cas les plus fréquents étaient des voies respiratoires inférieures et les infections

Prevalence of hospital acquired enterococci infections in two primary-care hospitals in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria

“…This rate is higher than what is reported in developed countries with rates of 5–10% (Meers et al , 1980; Moro et al , 1986; Mayon-White et al , 1988; Scheel & Stormark, 1999) and also higher than rates reported from hospitals in developing countries such as Ghana (Newman, 2009) with 6.7% and Ethiopia (Gedebou, 1988) with 17%. There is need to strengthen infection control activities in Nigerian hospitals in order reduce the prevalence, mortality, morbidity, and cost of care associated with HAI.…”

Antibiotic use in a tertiary healthcare facility in Ghana: a point prevalence survey

“…The obstetrics unit accounted for the highest use of metronidazole (50.5%, n = 54) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (58.5%, n = 48) respectively. Figure 2 compares the top five antibiotic prescriptions at KBTH in 2000 [ 17 ] and 2017. In 2000, the most common antimicrobial in use at KBTH was metronidazole 212(44%), followed by ampicillin/amoxicillin 199(41.6%), gentamicin 168(34%) and cloxacillin 135(28%).…”

“…2 Top five antibiotic use in 2000 and 2017 at KBTH. Figures on antibiotic use in 2000 based on data by Newman, 2009 [ 17 ] …”

“…In Africa, there are few published studies on antibiotic use among inpatients [ 14 – 16 ]. At the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra Ghana, a survey conducted in 2000 showed a 53% prevalence of antibiotic use among inpatients with metronidazole being the most commonly used antibiotic [ 17 ]. Unpublished data from a point prevalence study carried out in the Medical department of the same institution in 2012 showed that 67.9% of inpatients had been prescribed antibiotics.…”

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana

“…Hospitals serve a reservoir of various types of microorganisms; some may be multiple resistant to antibiotics [8] and the selective pressure of antimicrobial use in hospitals, therefore makes the environment a repository for these resistant strains [9]. Newman and his colleagues reported on the occurrence of nosocomial infections in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana [10]. These studies are therefore necessary and need to be conducted in many other parts of the country in order to generate national data on these pathogenic organisms, more especially on their antibiotic resistant patterns in Ghana.…”