Nosocomial Infections Due to Xanthomonas maltophilia (Pseudomonas maltophilia) in Patients with Cancer

Khardori, N.M.; Elting, Linda S.; Wong, E. W.; Schable, Barbara; Bodey, Gerald P.

doi:10.1093/clinids/12.6.997

Cited by 194 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wang [25] in his univariate analysis revealed that CVC and mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with a high crude mortality rate. This also tallied with several other studies who implicated CVC [17] [30] and mechanical ventilation [11] [17] [23] [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, clinical manifestations due to this strain was usually related to previous exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mechanical ventilation, the use of intravascular devices and tracheostomy [3] [8] [11]- [16]. Therapy for infections with this pathogen is challenging because of its intrinsic resistance to most antimicrobial agents and the debilitated state of patients [17] [18]. Control of antibiotic use has been identified as a cornerstone of prevention of S. maltophilia infections in hospitals [19] [20], in addition to avoidance of prolonged implantation of foreign devices and reinforcement of hygiene practices [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

Jaidane¹,

Chaouech²,

Naija³

et al. 2014

OALib

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Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant, Gram negative bacillus that has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections due to S. maltophilia. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed at the ICUs over seven-year period in a teaching hospital. Cases of SMB were identified through a review of clinical microbiology laboratory and patient's records were retrieved for analysis. Findings: There were 22 deaths (71%) 15 ± 12 days after the bactaeremia. In our study, more than half of patients (17/31) was exposed to broad-spectrum antibiotic specifically imipinem (IMP) before their positive culture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that isolates were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (84%) and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71%). A probable portal of entry was identified in 27.3% of cases and 57% were catheter-related. Conclusion: Our results were similar to those described by other authors reported in the literature in the last 20 years. Prevention of S. maltophilia acquisition and infection depends on higher emphasis on control of antimicrobial consumption and consideration of environmental reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

Jaidane¹,

Chaouech²,

Naija³

et al. 2014

OALib

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“…[1][2][3][4] Although it is usually considered a colonizer and is rarely responsible for community-acquired infections, 5 its role as a pathogen has been increasingly recognized among immunocompromised patients, especially patients with malignancies. 2,[6][7][8] S. maltophilia accounted for 0.6% to 0.9% of all bloodstream infections reported from the United States, Canada, and Latin America from 1997 through 1999. 9,10 Septicemia due to this organism occurs rarely, although several nosocomial outbreaks have been reported.…”

Section: Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Formerly Known Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors ForStenotrophomonas MaltophiliaBacteremia In Oncology Patients: A Case–Control Study

Apisarnthanarak¹,

Mayfield

Garison

et al. 2003

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Objective:To characterize risk factors for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in oncology patients.Design:A 3:1 case–control study.Setting:Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemic Center at Barnes–Jewish Hospital (St. Louis), a 1,442-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital with a 26-bed transplantation ward.Method:From June 1999 to April 2001,13 patients with S. maltophilia bacteremia were compared with 39 control-patients who were on the transplantation unit on the same day as the case-patients' positive blood cultures. Information collected included patient demographics, medical history, history of transplantation, transplantation type, graft versus host disease, neutropenia, antibiotic use, chemotherapy, mucositis, diarrhea, the presence of central venous catheter(s), cultures, and concomitant infections.Results:Significant risk factors for S. maltophilia bacteremia included severe mucositis (7 [53.8%] of 13 vs 8 [20.5%] of 39; P = .034), diarrhea (7 [53.8%] of 13 vs 8 [20%] of 39; P = .034), and the use of metronidazole (9 [69.2%] of 13 vs 8 [20.5%] of 39; P = .002). In addition, the number of antibiotics used (median, 9 vs 5; P < .001), duration of mucositis (median, 29 vs 15 days; P = .032), and length of hospital stay (median, 34 vs 22 days; P = .017) were significantly different between case- and control-patients. Nine S. maltophilia isolates tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were found to be distinctly different.Conclusion:Interventions to ameliorate the severity of mucositis, reduce antibiotic pressure, prevent diarrhea, and promote meticulous central venous catheter care may help prevent S. maltophilia bloodstream infection in oncology patients. The role of gastrointestinal tract colonization as a potential source of S. maltophilia bacteremia in oncology patients deserves further investigation.

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“…DISCt'SSION Xanthomonas maltophilia is frequently isolated from clinical specimens [15,16] and has an emerging role in nosocomial infections [1][2][3][4][5][6]12]. Recently, a rapid and simple screening method to assist in epidemiologic characterization of X. maltophilia was developed [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of X. maltophilia is increasing in frequency [4][5][6], and strains are often resistant to many commonly used antibiotics [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. X. maltophilia, generally considered to be an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, is most commonly isolated from immunocompromised patients who have had prior antimicrobic therapy, or undergone surgical procedures, respiratory tract intubation, or urinary tract catherization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of serotypes ofXanthomonas maltophiliafrom world-wide sources

et al. 1992

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SUMMARYSince its development in 1988, a serologic typing scheme for Xanthomonas maltophilia, based on 31 0 antigens, has been successfully used to serotype isolates involved in nosocomial outbreaks in the United States. To determine if this serotyping scheme would be useful in typing X. maltophilia isolates from worldwide sources, we obtained additional isolates from 10 countries; of 900 isolates tested, 795 (88-3%) were typable. In order of predominance, the three most common serotypes were 10, 3 and 19. These three serotypes were most frequently associated with respiratory and blood isolates. This serotyping system is useful as an epidemiologic screening method for universal typing of outbreaks of X. maltophilia infections.

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Nosocomial Infections Due to Xanthomonas maltophilia (Pseudomonas maltophilia) in Patients with Cancer

Cited by 194 publications

References 25 publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

Risk Factors ForStenotrophomonas MaltophiliaBacteremia In Oncology Patients: A Case–Control Study

Prevalence of serotypes ofXanthomonas maltophiliafrom world-wide sources

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