Not just black and white: Pigment pattern development and evolution in vertebrates

Mills, Margaret G.; Patterson, Larissa B.

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.012

Cited by 123 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…However, since it has been shown earlier that carotenoid spot patterns can change rapidly (Backström et al 2015b), it is probably an effect of physiological colour change (Mills and Patterson 2009;Nilsson Sköld et al 2013). One of the main factors controlling physiological colour change is α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (Mills and Patterson 2009;Nilsson Sköld et al 2013), and it has been shown to be involved in skin darkening of Arctic charr during social interactions (Höglund et al 2000;Höglund et al 2002). Thus it seems likely that this process can also be involved in and have an effect on the carotenoid spots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

et al. 2017

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Stress responsiveness differs between individuals and is often categorized into different stress coping styles. Using these stress coping styles for selection in fish farming could be beneficial, since stress is one main factor affecting welfare. In Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) carotenoid pigmentation is associated with stress responsiveness and stress coping styles. Thus this could be an important tool to use for selection of stress resilient charr. However, anaesthetics seem to affect carotenoid pigmentation, and it would be better if the method for selection could be implemented during normal maintenance, which usually includes anaesthetics. Therefore, this study investigated how the use of anaesthetics affected carotenoid pigmentation, i.e. number of spots, over time compared to no-anaesthetic treatment. Additionally, the stress indicators monoamines and glucocorticoids were investigated. The results indicate that the anaesthetic MS-222 affects number of spots on the right side. This anaesthetic also increased dopaminergic activity in the telencephalon. Both brain dopaminergic and serotonergic activity was associated with spottiness. Further, behaviour during anaesthetization was associated with spots on the left side, but not the right side. Repetition of the same treatment seemed to affect spot numbers on the right side. In conclusion, this study shows that inducing stress in charr affects the carotenoid spots. Thus, it is possible to use anaesthetics when evaluating spottiness although careful planning is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

et al. 2017

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“…Melanocyte pigments are mostly responsible for synthesizing of eumelanin, a relatively insoluble black or brown pigment or pheomelanin, a cysteine-rich red or yellow pigment that is soluble in dilute alkali (Mills, 2009). This phenomenon is often referred to as pigment-type switching and is regulated by the Agouti-melanocortin 1receptor (MC1R) pathway.…”

Section: Different Pigment Produced By Mc1r Gene and Their Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MC1R Gene on Body Coat Colour

Mishra¹,

Mishra²,

Saikhom³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Livest. Res.

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“…Classic examples include the rapid and dynamic background matching of octopuses (Hanlon et al, 1999;Hanlon, 2007;Hanlon et al, 2009) and chameleons (StuartFox and Moussalli, 2009). Many fish darken their body colouration in response to dark visual backgrounds (Sugimoto, 2002;Mills and Patterson, 2009;Leclercq et al, 2010), which functions to facilitate predator avoidance and reduce predation risk (Sumner, 1935a;Sumner, 1935b;Whiteley et al, 2011), and is a plastic and reversible change (Sugimoto, 2002;Leclercq et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of colour change in fish: food intake and behavioural decisions

Rodgers

Gladman

Corless

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMany animals, particularly reptiles, amphibians, fish and cephalopods, have the ability to change their body colour, for functions including thermoregulation, signalling and predator avoidance. Many fish plastically darken their body colouration in response to dark visual backgrounds, and this functions to reduce predation risk. Here, we tested the hypotheses that colour change in fish (1) carries with it an energetic cost and (2) affects subsequent shoal and habitat choice decisions. We demonstrate that guppies (Poecilia reticulata) change colour in response to dark and light visual backgrounds, and that doing so carries an energetic cost in terms of food consumption. By increasing food intake, however, guppies are able to maintain growth rates and meet the energetic costs of changing colour. Following colour change, fish preferentially choose habitats and shoals that match their own body colouration, and maximise crypsis, thus avoiding the need for further colour change but also potentially paying an opportunity cost associated with restriction to particular habitats and social associates. Thus, colour change to match the background is complemented by behavioural strategies, which should act to maximise fitness in variable environments.

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Not just black and white: Pigment pattern development and evolution in vertebrates

Cited by 123 publications

References 129 publications

Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

Anaesthesia and handling stress effects on pigmentation and monoamines in Arctic charr

Role of MC1R Gene on Body Coat Colour

Costs of colour change in fish: food intake and behavioural decisions

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