Note—A New Approach to Urban Modelling

Abstract

This note describes a different approach to urban modelling, resulting in a new, more general form of model. The model can be used for prediction, prescription, explanation, or evaluation; or to distinguish between the objectives of individuals, the planning authority, and the community. It is utility maximizing, and also entropy maximizing, and includes diversity of activities in zones. It relates land use and transport decisions and allows dispersal of urban activities to be analysed.

Surveying Models in Urban Land Studies

“…The model is a nonlinear programming model that allocates activities to zones on the basis of maximum utility or welfare for the community. In addition, it was developed in the period of reevaluation of modeling techniques and later of resource constraints on urban energy and growth (Brotchie 1978).…”

“…The third generation of modeling focused on the development of solutions for specific domain problems, and, as a result, could only be apprehended by the modeler and highly specialized users well trained over a long period. A good example of a model of the third generation is Brotchie’s model (Brotchie 1978). This marks an important period during which computational capabilities, availability of data and expertise in the different scientific areas started to catch up with developments in other scientific areas.…”

A TOD planning model to review the regulation of allowable development densities around subway stations

“…The land use design problem (LDP), referred to in the literature, is a mathematical programming model for generating alternative types, sizes, or location of land use plans. Numerous LDPs have been developed for different scenarios; for example, comprehensive land use planning was discussed in Bammi et al (1976), Bammi and Bammi (1979), Barber (1976), Brotchie (1978), Brotchie et al (1980), Diamond and Wright (1989), Dokmeci (1993), Gilbert et al (1985) and Gordon and MacReynolds (1974); integrated planning of land use and networks in Los (1978Los ( , 1979, Lundqvist (1973), Feng and Lin (1999), and Lin and Feng (2003); land use expansion planning in Ridgley and Giambelluca (1992); urban renewal of transit station areas in Feng and Tsai (1988); and integrated planning of transportation and resource usage in Feng et al (1989). Feng and Chang (1993) and Kaneko and Fukuda (1999) developed LDP to maximize transit system ridership, but focused on economic efficiency and ignored the other two aspects of sustainability: living environment and social equity.…”

A bi-level programming model for the land use - network design problem

“…However, most studies regarding layout problems merely concentrate on one with the other fixed. For example, Bammi et al (1976), Bammi and Bammi (1979), Barber (1976), Brotchie (1978), Brotchie et al (1980), Dokmeci et al (1993), Gordon and MacReynolds (1974), and Ridgley and Giambelluca (1992) studied the land use design problem (LDP), under a given transport system. Janson and Husaini (1987), LeBlanc (1975), Mackinnon and Hodgson (1970), Maganti and Wong (1984), Poorzahedy and Turnquist (1982), and Xiong and Schneider (1995) investigated the network design problem (NDP) under a given land use distribution.…”