Debates about the future of e-learning have reached fever pitch in recent years as governments across the globe have increased investment in information and communication technologies (ICTs) in schools, universities, libraries, households and other locations where e-learning can take place. This paper aims to clarify the key issues of that debate, which started with computer-aided instruction systems in the 1960s, in order to offer a better understanding of the 'next level' of e-learning and how that might be reached. It does this by mining the discussion and other knowledge drawn from a policy forum organized by the Oxford Internet Institute (OII).
The key issuesDespite some sharp differences in areas of contention and shadings of emphasis on common ground, a number of clear themes emerged from the Forum:
•The problem. The patchy quality and generally conservative current uses of the technology indicate that more effort is needed in promoting e-learning effectiveness in many different contexts, rather than just investing in the provision of ICTs.• The solution. The next level will achieve such improved effectiveness if it makes teachers, students and others involved in education feel that they are at the centre of education and learning networks. ICT-based networks offer the potential for a 'virtuous cycle' of change, in which networks are one of the fruits of innovation and, in turn, stimulate further innovation through the ways in which they are used in online education, peer-to-peer groups and in supporting and complementing face-to-face communication.• The means. A bottom-up model of change that encourages dialogue, reflection and adaptation between networks of players at all levels is the most promising pathway to the next level, given the unpredictability, complexity and rapid pace of education and learning change tied to ICTs. One such approach highlighted at the Forum was the concept of the 'Trojan mouse': small, manageable innovations that combine with other small changes to make substantial long-term impacts.• The benefits. Putting people at the centre of e-learning networks in an environment that supports adaptive change would help to sustain policies and efforts that aim to:• stimulate reflection and rethinking about the aims, nature and quality of the education process and its traditional approaches, including exploration of the new network communication model as an alternative to an unhelpful dichotomy between teacher-centred and student-centred learning; and• extend the reach of high-quality educational resources across social, geographic and economic divides.• The facilitators and barriers. The move to the next level can be inhibited by the 'messy', but clear and present, realities of everyday learning, such as
Policy implications• Rethinking (e-)learning. The Forum's main policy recommendation was the need to reconceptualise the process of change in e-learning to nurture both 'e-technology' and general learning dimensions in harmony, through a virtuous cycle of network-enabled innovation at th...