“…Some studies support the notion that providing information digitally is compatible with the current student digital expertise and learning comfort level (e.g., Kozma, 1994;Schmid, et al, 2014;Abowd, et al, 1997;Hiltz & Turoff, 2005). Conversely, other theory and literature contends that hardcopy material requires students to actively engage, and thus increases retention (e.g., Stacy & Cain, 2015;Lam, Lam, Lam, & McNaught, 2009). Therefore, due to contradictory theory and literature, regarding the optimal method for student learning, it is important to examine this topic in order to assist faculty when designing their course.…”