Notes on Glaciological Activities in Kebnekajse, Sweden. 1962

Glaciotectonic deformation within a flute from the Isfallsglaciären, Sweden

“…They also traced some flutes under the glacier by making pits through the glacier-ice. Schytt (1962) also reported observations from a 60 m long tunnel made under the glacier. Flutes could be followed under the ice along the whole length of the tunnel, being twice as high under the ice as outside the ice-margin.…”

“…With a cold surface layer of approximately 30 m thickness, this gives an approximately 100 m wide zone from the front inwards where the glacier was frozen to its bed. Measurements of the temperature in the basal ice of Isfallsglaciaren, made in a tunnel below the glacier (Schytt, 1962) gave values ranging from immediately below 0°C to -0.7"C as far in as 115 m inside the margin.…”

“…The other set of flutes can be followed as far as to the distal slope of the innermost end-moraine, which is as far as the glacier reached during its latest advance. The flutes outside and within the margin of Isfallsglaciaren were surveyed by Hoppe and Schytt (1953) and Schytt (1959Schytt ( , 1962. Hoppe and Schytt (1953) made a detailed investigation of the distribution and heights of the flutes in an area outside the glacier.…”

Measurement of the physical properties of the snowpack

“…For the PSG-1, the sampling volume is a torus situated around the tube with a vertical extent of 5 cm and a horizontal extent of 30 cm [Young, 1976]. Insertion of the single-tube device into a provided "calibration can" containing a substance of known density allows for counts of backscattered particles to be related to snow density [Blincow and Dominey, 1974] or empirical calibration is performed using gravimetric samples of snow density at a field site [Schytt et al, 1962]. Recently, Morris, [2008aMorris, [ , 2008b presented a nonempirical model for determining snow density using the backscattering method.…”

“…The backscattering method was tested in the mountains of California [Anderson et al, 1965;Gay, 1962] and on glaciers in Sweden [Schytt et al, 1962]. The investigators found that errors in snow density determination were greatest near air-snow [Anderson et al, 1965;Schytt et al, 1962] and ground-snow [Anderson et al, 1965] interfaces. Young [1976] tested the PSG-1 device on Peyto Glacier in the Canadian Rockies, finding that depth-averaged densities agreed to within 5% of gravimetric measurements.…”