Notes on the branches of the aorta (Arcus aortae) and the subclavian artery of the rabbit

Abstract

Notes on the branches of the aorta (arcus aortae) and 'the subclavian artery of the rabbit.Although the usual number of blood-vessels arising from the aorta in the rabbit is two-a so-called innominate or brachiocephalic and the left subclavian arteries-the variation from this condition herein described indicates the possibility of a considerable departure. Of 106 specimens, about 20 per cent differed from what is usually considered normal, either in respect to the aortic vessels or the subclavian arteries of either side. In one individual a single vessel leaves the arch of the aorta, and after passing forward subsequently successively subdivided to form the left subclavian, the left common carotid, and the innominate or brachiocephalic arteries. When three vessels originate on the arch, they are usually the innominate and the two carotids, although in one case the vertebral of one side contributed t o this arrangement in the place of a carotid. Several individuals show conditions suggestive of four vessels, comprising the two carotids, the left vertebral and left subclavian. The order and sequential differences of vessels from the subclavian arteries of each side are noted.

Variations in the vasculature of the aortic arch and its major branches in the rabbit

“…He found m any variations but described the normal vessels arising from them as the vertebral, transverse scapular, internal m am m ary, and the superior intercostal arteries. This agreed with Bensi.ey |1945| who also included the superficial cervical artery which Baldwin [ 1920] claimed norm ally arose from the transverse scapular artery.…”

“…In I specimen, the right internal m am m ary artery 29H à n g e l l -J ames Variations in th e vasculature and the right superior intercostal artery were seen arising from the innom inate artery, and these findings do not appear to have been docum ented previously. In confirm ation of the results of Baldwin [1920] I specimen had the thyroidea ima artery arising from the innom inate artery. Only 2 other specimens, however, had unnam ed vessels so th at on the whole the innom inate artery and its branches, which vary in num ber from 2 to 4, appear subject to less variation than other large vessels under discussion.…”

“…Anomalous vessels arising from the aortic arch described here, and previously docum ented, include the left common artery ¡W hite 1893; Smith, 1891Smith, : E ales, 1940P arsons, 1902;B aldw in, 1920] and the left vertebral artery [Baldwin, 1920: Sawin and E dmonds, of lhe aortic arch and its major branches in the rabbit 297 1949|. The presence of these two vessels arising from the arch was correlated w ith relative grow th differences in these animals.…”

“…Only 2 other specimens, however, had unnam ed vessels so th at on the whole the innom inate artery and its branches, which vary in num ber from 2 to 4, appear subject to less variation than other large vessels under discussion. Baldwin [1920] described some subclavian arteries as of the short corona type in which the branching was near the aorta, and others, the long corona type, which branched a long way from the aorta. He found m any variations but described the normal vessels arising from them as the vertebral, transverse scapular, internal m am m ary, and the superior intercostal arteries.…”

Branching Pattern of Aortic Arch in the Korean Water Deer

“…The three major branches of the brachiocephalic trunk (Bct), left common carotid artery (LCc) and left subclavian artery (LSb), branch from the Aa in humans [4,12,20,26], Chimpanzees [6], mice [23], rats [13,19,23], hamsters [23], monotremata and sloths [20]. However, the two branches of the Bct and LSb branch from the Aa in rabbits [1,2], dogs and cats [11,21], monkeys [5,6], guinea pigs [22], pigs [10], and llamas [20]. In some species of Chiroptera, Edentata and Cetacea [20], it was reported that 2 trunks, the right brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic trunk, branch off from the Aa.…”