Notes on the Philippine Tree Shrew, Urogale everetti Thomas

Wharton, Charles H.

doi:10.1093/jmammal/31.3.352

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…1, 49 Urogale everetti, which is considered to be one of the most terrestrial species, 40,51 has been shown to be a terrestrial digger in the wild. 52 Little is known about Anathana ellioti; Chorazyna and Kurup 53 stated that it is terrestrial, while Martin 51 claimed that it is semiterrestrial (Box 4).…”

Section: Variation Within Tupaiidaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…66,67,73,75 If terrestrial mammals often have short medial epicondyles, why does Urogale have an elongated medial epicondyle? Wharton 52 reported that Urogale nests in burrows and was observed rooting and digging. In fact, Wharton 52 stated that Urogale "exhibited tendencies to root and dig like miniature pigs" (p. 353).…”

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wharton 52 reported that Urogale nests in burrows and was observed rooting and digging. In fact, Wharton 52 stated that Urogale "exhibited tendencies to root and dig like miniature pigs" (p. 353). This explains the large medial epicondyle of Urogale: powerful flexion of the digits and wrist by the flexor musculature that originates at the medial epicondyle is important in scratch-digging, 76 which involves the use of the claws of the hands for digging.…”

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the long olecranon process of Urogale might be related to powerful extension of the forearm by the triceps brachii muscle for propulsion during terrestrial locomotion. 75 It is more likely, however, that the length of this process is related to Urogale's digging habits 42,52 because digging requires very powerful extension of the antebrachium, and scratch diggers are characterized by a long olecranon process. 42,76 The shorter olecranon process of Ptilocercus and Tupaia minor is probably related to the fact that these arboreal taxa do not require powerful extension of the forearm in arboreal locomotion.…”

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among tupaiines, Urogale has the deepest knee, which may be related either to the fact that Urogale is the most terrestrial tree shrew or to its digging behavior. 42,43,52 Powerful extension of the knee would likely be important for digging if Urogale uses its hindlimbs for this behavior.…”

Section: Hindlimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

New views on tree shrews: The role of Tupaiids in primate supraordinal relationships

Sargis¹

2004

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Section: Variation Within Tupaiidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forelimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hindlimbmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New views on tree shrews: The role of Tupaiids in primate supraordinal relationships

Sargis¹

2004

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Carpal development and morphology in archontan mammals

Stafford

Thorington

1998

J. Morphol.

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Carpal morphology and development in bats, colugos, tree shrews, murids, and sciurids were studied in order to homologize carpal elements. Prenatal coalescence of discrete cartilaginous templates with a loss of a center of ossification appears to be the most common method of reducing carpal elements in these mammals. Only bats and colugos showed postnatal ossification between discrete elements as a method of reducing carpal elements. Carpal morphology of tree shrews is more diverse than previously reported. Ptilocercus shows a highly derived carpal morphology that may be related to its relatively greater arboreality Dendrogale exhibits what is most likely the ancestral tupaiid carpal morphology. Carpal morphologies of Tupaia, Urogale, and Anathana are identical to each other. Carpal morphology differs between megachiropterans and microchiropterans. These differences may be related to different aerodynamic constraints between the suborders. The carpal morphology of microchiropterans is diverse and may reflect different adaptive regimes between microchiropteran families. Carpal morphology of the colugos shows both megachiropteran and microchiropteran characters. The function of these characters in colugos and bats (stabilization of the carpus in dorsiflexion) is proposed to be similar, although the locomotor roles may be quite different between these taxa.

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Functional morphology of the hindlimb of tupaiids (Mammalia, Scandentia) and its phylogenetic implications

Sargis

2002

Journal of Morphology

127

155

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In this study, the hindlimb of 12 species of tupaiids was analyzed functionally and compared to that of primates, dermopterans, and chiropterans. Many aspects of the tupaiid hindlimb vary in relation to differential substrate use. These differences include width of the ilium, shape of the acetabulum, size of the anterior inferior iliac spine, size of the greater and third trochanters, depth of the femoral condyles, shape of the patellar groove, and size of the tibial tuberosity. The hindlimb of the arboreal Ptilocercus lowii, the only ptilocercine, is better adapted for arboreal locomotion, whereas that of tupaiines is better adapted for rapid terrestrial (or scansorial) locomotion. The hindlimb of Ptilocercus seems to be habitually flexed and has more joint mobility, a condition necessary for movement on uneven, discontinuous arboreal supports. The tarsus of Ptilocercus facilitates inversion of the foot and its grasping hallux is capable of a great range of abduction. Tupaiines, on the other hand, are characterized by more extended hindlimbs and less mobility in their joints. These restricted joints limit movements more to the parasagittal plane, which increases the efficiency of locomotion on a more even and continuous surface like the ground. The hindlimb of tupaiines is adapted for powerful flexion and extension. Even the most arboreal tupaiines remain similar to terrestrial tupaiines in their hindlimb morphology, which probably reflects the terrestrial ancestry of Tupaiinae (but not Tupaiidae). Many attributes of the tupaiid hindlimb, especially those of the foot, reflect the arboreal ancestry of Tupaiidae and it is proposed that the ancestral tupaiid was arboreal like Ptilocercus. Also, compared to the hindlimb character states of tupaiines, those of Ptilocercus are more similar to those of other archontans, and it is proposed that the hindlimb features of Ptilocercus are primitive for the Tupaiidae. Hence, Ptilocercus should be considered in any phylogenetic analysis that includes Scandentia.

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Notes on the Philippine Tree Shrew, Urogale everetti Thomas

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

New views on tree shrews: The role of Tupaiids in primate supraordinal relationships

New views on tree shrews: The role of Tupaiids in primate supraordinal relationships

Carpal development and morphology in archontan mammals

Functional morphology of the hindlimb of tupaiids (Mammalia, Scandentia) and its phylogenetic implications

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