Notes sur la phylogénie des Cucujoidea et le classement général des Coléoptères

Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M.

doi:10.1002/mmnd.19830300107

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This may take place when this species in Europe spreads to the east and reaches the natural geographic range of their conspecifics. The western border of its native range is not exactly known, but is thought to be somewhere in the central part of Asia (Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1982;Koch, 2003;Brown et al, 2011). Some Russian authors, however, report H. axyridis much further west, in the Ural Mountains (Tyumaseva, 1997;Pekin, 2007;Khabibullin et al, 2009) or even in the Belgorod region of Russia near its border with Ukraine (Bin'kovskaya, 2004;Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 2013).…”

Section: Consequences Of the Novel Host-parasite Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review

Ceryngier¹,

Twardowska²

2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract.Hesperomyces virescens is an ectoparasite of some Coccinellidae, which until the mid-1990s was relatively rarely only reported from warm regions in various parts of the world. Analysis of the host and distribution data of H. virescens recorded in the Western Palaearctic and North America reveals several trends in the occurrence and abundance of H. virescens: (1) it has recently been much more frequently recorded, (2) most of the recent records are for more northerly (colder) localities than the early records and (3) the recent records are mostly of a novel host, the invasive harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis). While in North America H. virescens is almost exclusively found on H. axyridis, all European records of this association are very recent and still less numerous than records of Adalia bipunctata as a host. However, based on a relatively few published cases of the H. axyridis-H. virescens association in Europe and the case described in this paper, it is clear that the harlequin ladybird is currently the main host of this parasite. These changes in the abundance and geographical distribution of H. virescens are probably linked to some features of H. axyridis, such as its abundance, multivoltinism with overlapping generations, high level of promiscuity and overwintering in mass aggregations. The occurrence of these features in one species may make it especially suitable for H. virescens and other parasites that require close contact of host individuals for efficient transmission. Indeed, some of the data indicate that parasites other than H. virescens, like the podapolipid mite Coccipolipus hippodamiae and allantonematid nematodes of the genus Parasitylenchus may also heavily parasitize H. axyridis. We hypothesize that the acquisition of H. axyridis as a host by H. virescens, C. hippodamiae and Parasitylenchus spp. may have further consequences for the abundance and distribution of these parasites, including the expansion of their ranges to other continents colonized by invasive populations of this ladybird and areas in Asia where H. axyridis is native.

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Section: Consequences Of the Novel Host-parasite Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review

Ceryngier¹,

Twardowska²

2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…The fourth, Myrrha octodecimguttata is a highly specialized conifer aphid specialist (Klausnitzer, 1968;Majerus, 1988), but like all the conifer specialists it feeds on trees colonized by aphids of a variety of sizes (Blackman & Eastop, 1994): arguably the different conifer specialists have reached different prey size/density optima when exploiting the same aphid prey spectrum. It is perhaps worth noting that conifer specialists are particularly numerous within the aphidophagous coccinellids (Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1982;Chapin, 1985;Gordon, 1985), thus any apparent bias in my sample of specialists reflects a genuine bias in the coccinellid fauna.…”

Section: A Test Of the Body Size-dietary Breadth Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Coccinella magnifica, which is restricted to the vicinity of Formica rufa ant colonies in Britain, consumes a wide diversity of aphid prey in its specialized habitat (Sloggett et al, 2002): thus in my dichotomy C. magnifica is considered a generalist. Species sizes were obtained as body lengths from Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982): as a range of sizes are given for each species I used the median value for each size range. I used the Moses rank-like test for scale differences to compare the distributions of the sizes of specialists and generalists: this is a test for overall dispersion of the data (Siegel & Castellan, 1988).…”

Section: A Test Of the Body Size-dietary Breadth Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighty matters: Body size, diet and specialization in aphidophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Sloggett¹

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Aphidophagous ladybirds exhibit a broad range of body sizes. Until now this has been thought to be a function of the different prey densities that they feed at, with smaller ladybirds feeding at lower prey densities. The size of the prey species they feed on has been considered to have no relationship with ladybird body size. However, these arguments possess a limited capacity to explain observed data from the field. I here demonstrate a more realistic, complex approach incorporating both prey density and the size of prey species. Small ladybirds can feed on small aphids at both low and high densities. However when the aphid species is large they cannot catch the older, bigger, more energy-rich aphid instars due to their small size. They are thus unable to feed on large aphid prey at low densities, although at higher densities numbers of the smaller instars may be sufficient to sustain them. By contrast large ladybirds can feed on large aphids at both low and high densities due to their superior ability to catch the bigger, more energyrich older aphids; however they cannot be sustained by low densities of small aphids due to food limitation consequent on their large size. This more complex association between ladybird size, prey size and prey density possesses a better explanatory power for earlier field data. Because of this relationship, ladybird body size also provides an important trade-off determining dietary breadth and specialization in the aphidophagous Coccinellidae. Dietary specialists more closely match the size of their limited prey species, have higher overall capture efficiencies and can thus continue to reproduce at lower aphid densities for longer. By contrast dietary generalists adopt a one-size-fits-all strategy, are medium-sized and have lower capture efficiencies of individual prey species, thus requiring higher aphid densities. The role of body-size in dietary specialization is supported by data from the British fauna. Rather than trade-offs related to prey chemistry, which have hitherto been the centre of attention, body size trade-offs are the likely most important universal factor underlying dietary specialization in aphidophagous coccinellids.

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“…Predators would be expected to have more in common with generalist than specialist herbivores, by virtue of the number of different types of prey they consume. This is certainly true of H. axyridis, which possesses one of the broadest ranges of prey aphid species, in addition to consuming ladybirds and possibly other types of invertebrates (Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1982;Koch and Galvan, 2008). Its prey possess diverse forms of defensive chemistry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating chemically defended prey: alkaloid metabolism in an invasive ladybird predator of other ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Sloggett¹,

Davis

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYBy comparison with studies of herbivore physiological adaptation to plant allelochemicals, work on predator physiological adaptation to potentially toxic prey has been very limited. Such studies are important in understanding how evolution could shape predator diets. An interesting question is the specificity of predator adaptation to prey allelochemicals, given that many predators consume diverse prey with different chemical defences. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis, an invasive species in America, Europe and Africa, is considered a significant predatory threat to native invertebrates, particularly other aphid-eating ladybirds of which it is a strong intraguild predator. Although ladybirds possess species-specific alkaloid defences, H. axyridis exhibits high tolerance for allospecific ladybird prey alkaloids. Nonetheless, it performs poorly on species with novel alkaloids not commonly occurring within its natural range. We examined alkaloid fate in H. axyridis larvae after consumption of two other ladybird species, one containing an alkaloid historically occurring within the predator's native range (isopropyleine) and one containing a novel alkaloid that does not (adaline). Our results indicate that H. axyridis rapidly chemically modifies the alkaloid to which it has been historically exposed to render it less harmful: this probably occurs outside of the gut. The novel, more toxic alkaloid persists in the body unchanged for longer. Our results suggest metabolic alkaloid specialisation, in spite of the diversity of chemically defended prey that the predator consumes. Physiological adaptations appear to have made H. axyridis a successful predator of other ladybirds; however, limitations are imposed by its physiology when it eats prey with novel alkaloids.

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Notes sur la phylogénie des Cucujoidea et le classement général des Coléoptères

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review

Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review

Weighty matters: Body size, diet and specialization in aphidophagous ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Eating chemically defended prey: alkaloid metabolism in an invasive ladybird predator of other ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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